An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Iron (Fe) is a micronutrient for plant development, as constituent of several photosynthesis- and respiration-related proteins and enzymes. Consequently, Fe deficiency leads to chlorosis in leaves and plant growth impairment. It has become increasingly evident that light signals coordinate iron homeostasis in plants. To further address new insights into how light is a fundamental part of Fe defici ...
... The genetic link between calcium signaling and RNA interference (RNAi) has remained undiscovered until now. A new study shows that wound-triggered calcium flux acts as an initial messenger for priming RNAi for its role in plant antiviral defense. This paves the way to investigate plant development and response to (a)biotic stresses. ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; molecular biology; plant growth; Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... GRAS transcription factors play multifunctional roles in plant growth, development, and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The structural and functional features of GRAS TFs have been unveiled in the last two decades. A typical GRAS protein contained a C-terminal GRAS domain with a highly variable N-terminal region. Studies on these TFs increase in numbers and are reported to be in ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; hazelnuts; phenology; France; Italy; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Several methods are used to monitor phenological events in crop plants, and the BBCH scale ("Biologische Bundesanstalt, Bundessortenamt und Chemische Industrie") is a widely used one. However, a BBCH scale does not exist for hazelnut. In this manuscript, we used the BBCH monograph for mono- and dicotyledonous and woody plants to propose a BBCH scale for hazelnut. We list the standardized plant dev ...
... Plant development is a complex process that relies on molecular and cellular events being co-ordinated in space and time. Microscopy is one of the most powerful tools available to investigate this spatiotemporal complexity. One step towards a better understanding of complexity in plants would be the acquisition of 3D images of entire organs. However, 3D imaging of intact plant samples is not alway ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; auxins; plant hormones; plasma membrane; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Polar localization of PIN‐FORMED proteins (PINs) at the plasma membrane is essential for plant development as they direct the transport of phytohormone auxin between cells. PIN polar localization to certain sides of a given cell is dynamic, strictly regulated and provides directionality to auxin flow. Signals that act upstream to control subcellular PIN localization modulate auxin distribution, th ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; apical meristems; hormonal regulation; stem cells; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... How cells acquire their identities and grow coordinately within a tissue is a fundamental question to understand plant development. In angiosperms, the shoot apical meristem (SAM) is a multicellular tissue containing a stem cell niche, which activity allows for a dynamic equilibrium between maintenance of stem cells and production of differentiated cells that are incorporated in new aerial tissues ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; rare species; rhizosphere; rhizosphere bacteria; watermelons; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rare bacteria in rhizospheres from natural watermelon vs chimeric watermelon were investigated to understand the rare rhizobacteria assembling processes along with plant development and effects of rare species on functional stability. Over 80% of the total OTUs were defined as rare taxa (i.e., transient, permanent, and conditionally rare) in the rhizosphere. Among these three rarities, transient r ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; Arabidopsis; auxins; environment; mutants; transcription (genetics); Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... HOP (HSP70‐HSP90 organising protein) is a conserved family of co‐chaperones well known in mammals for its role in the folding of signalling proteins associated with development. In plants, HOP proteins have been involved in the response to multiple stresses, but their role in plant development remains elusive. Herein, we describe that the members of the HOP family participate in different aspects ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; biotechnology; genes; humans; metabolism; methylation; potatoes; rice; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Dynamic chemical modifications in eukaryotic messenger RNAs (mRNAs) constitute an essential layer of gene regulation, among which N⁶‐methyladenosine (m⁶A) was unveiled to be the most abundant. m⁶A functionally modulates important biological processes in various mammals and plants through the regulation of mRNA metabolism, mainly mRNA degradation and translation efficiency. Physiological functions ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; Liliopsida; biogenesis; microRNA; nucleotides; plant disease resistance; plant reproduction; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of 21–24 nucleotides (nt) noncoding small RNAs ubiquitously distributed across the plant kingdom. miR482/2118, one of the conserved miRNA superfamilies originating from gymnosperms, has divergent main functions in core‐angiosperms. It mainly regulates NUCLEOTIDE BINDING SITE‐LEUCINE‐RICH REPEAT (NBS‐LRR) genes in eudicots, functioning as an essential component in pla ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; canopy; environment; grasslands; leaves; phenology; species diversity; taxonomy; variance; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... According to the Spectral Variation Hypothesis (SVH), spectral variance has the potential to predict taxonomic composition in grasslands over time. However, in previous studies the relationship has been found to be unstable. We hypothesise that the diversity of phenological stages is also a driver of spectral variance and could act to confound the species signal. To test this concept, intra-annual ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; abiotic stress; pollination; programmed cell death; sex determination; sporulation; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Regulated or programmed cell death (RCD or PCD) is a fundamental biological principle integral to a considerable variety of functions in multicellular organisms. In plants, different PCD processes are part of biotic and abiotic stress responses, but also occur as an essential aspect of unperturbed plant development. PCD is particularly abundant during plant reproduction, eliminating unwanted or no ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; Avena sativa; cellulose; extrusion; lignin; oats; panicles; plant height; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... In subtropical environments lodging occurs at all stages of the oat plant development, particularly after panicle extrusion, causing severe yield reduction. This study aimed to identify morphological, chemical, and anatomical characteristics of the stem associated with lodging resistance on oats, which may be used to identify and select resistant genotypes. A set of genotypes with diverse response ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; RNA; arable soils; climate change; pollution; stress response; vaccines; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Advances in RNA biology such as RNAi, CRISPR, and the first mRNA vaccine represent the enormous potential of RNA research to address current problems. Additionally, plants are a diverse and undeniably essential resource for life threatened by climate change, loss of arable land, and pollution. Different aspects of RNA such as its processing, modification and structure are intertwined with plant de ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; Cymbopogon citratus; apical meristems; cytokinins; gene expression; genes; reproduction; strigolactones; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Shoot branching is an important event of plant development that defines growth and reproduction. The BRANCHED1 gene (BRC1/TB1/FC1) is crucial for this process. Within the phytohormones, cytokinins directly activate axillary buds to promote shoot branching. In addition, strigolactones and auxins inhibit bud outgrowth. This review addresses the involvement of aromatic and isoprenoid cytokinins in sh ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; Fragaria ananassa; agar; peat; storage time; strawberries; sucrose; tissue culture; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Strawberry plants grown in vitro are typically stored and maintained on agar containing Murashige and Skoog (MS) media and sucrose as a carbohydrate source. This method of storing strawberry plants in vitro is expensive and time consuming, requiring sub-culturing onto fresh media every 2 to 3 mo. This study aimed to establish the viability of using a substrate alternative as an economical replacem ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; DNA; Herbaspirillum seropedicae; biomass; corn; greenhouses; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Herbaspirillum seropedicae is a plant growth-promoting bacteria isolated from diverse plant species. In this work, the main objective was to investigate the efficiency of H. seropedicae strain SmR1 in colonizing and increasing maize growth (DKB 390 variety) in the early stages of development under greenhouse conditions. Inoculation with H. seropedicae resulted in 19.43 % (regarding High and Low N ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; aldehyde dehydrogenase; functional diversity; genes; mammals; stress response; stress tolerance; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) act as “aldehyde scavengers” in plants, eliminating reactive aldehydes and hence performing a crucial part in response to stress. ALDH has been specified multiple activities since its identification in the mammalian system 72 years ago. But the most widely researched role in plants is their engagement in stress tolerance. Multiple ALDH families are found in both ani ...
plantdevelopment, etc ; Arabidopsis; auxins; bananas; benzyladenine; cytokinins; flavonoids; histidine; hypersensitivity; transcription factors; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE: Senescence-associated transcription factor ATAF2 regulates cytokinin signalling and in vitro shoot multiplication in banana plants. MusaATAF2-like protein is a stress-related NAC transcription factor of banana. It regulates senescence in rooted banana plants. During the early stages of plant development under in vitro conditions, the presence of 6-benzylaminopurine leads to vigorous s ...