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1. Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy of Plasticized Poly(vinyl chloride)

Author:
Sommer, Stefan; Koch, Martin; Adams, Alina
Source:
Analytical chemistry 2018 v.90 no.4 pp. 2409-2413
ISSN:
1520-6882
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; poly(vinyl chloride); spectroscopy;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is today one of the most important commodity polymers. Its broad range of applications is due to the presence of plasticizers whose concentration largely impacts the microscopic and the macroscopic properties. Quantifying the concentration of plasticizer in PVC products is therefore of fundamental importance. Thus, in this paper, the applicability of terahertz (THz) time ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04548

2. Phase separation, antiplasticization and moisture sorption in ternary systems containing polysaccharides and polyols

Author:
van der Sman, R.G.M.
Source:
Food hydrocolloids 2019 v.87 pp. 360-370
ISSN:
0268-005X
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; hydrocolloids; polyols; separation; sorption; starch; thermodynamics; water activity;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this paper, we investigate whether the Flory-Huggins-Free-Volume (FHFV) theory can describe the rich thermodynamics of the ternary mixtures of starch, polyol, and water. These systems exhibit 1) non-monotonic moisture sorption with increasing plasticizer concentration, 2) phase separation, and 3) antiplasticization. After extending the FHFV theory with 1) the proper formulation of the chemical ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.07.051

3. Mechanical and ultimate properties of injection molded cellulose acetate/plasticizer materials

Author:
Charvet, Agathe; Vergelati, Caroll; Long, Didier R.
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2019 v.204 pp. 182-189
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; ambient temperature; cellulose acetate; diethyl phthalate; impact strength; polymers;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The mechanical properties of injection molded plasticized cellulose acetate polymers processed with two different plasticizers (Triacetine and Diethyl phthalate) and various weight fractions comprised between 15 and 30 wt % have been investigated. Plasticized cellulose acetate exhibit a brittle-to-ductile transition from a low impact strength to a high impact strength of order 40 kJ/m². Obtaining ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.013

4. Micro-flow nanocatalysis: synergic effect of TfOH@SPIONs and micro-flow technology as an efficient and robust catalytic system for the synthesis of plasticizers

Author:
Tashi, Maryam; Shafiee, Behnaz; Sakamaki, Yoshie; Hu, Ji-Yun; Heidrick, Zachary; Khosropour, Ahmad R.; Beyzavi, M. Hassan
Source:
RSC advances 2018 v.8 no.66 pp. 37835-37840
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; green chemistry; iron oxides; nanoparticles; synergism;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The combination of continuous flow technology with immobilizing of only 0.13 mol% of triflic acid (TfOH) on silica-encapsulated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) under solvent-free conditions successfully provided a powerful, efficient, and eco-friendly route for the synthesis of plasticizers. The turnover frequency value in micro-flow conditions varied in the range of 948.7 to 7 ...
DOI:
10.1039/c8ra07838f

5. Effect of alkanol surface grafting on the hydrophobicity of starch-based films

Author:
Qiao, Dongling; Li, Sheng; Yu, Long; Zhang, Binjia; Simon, George; Jiang, Fatang
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2018 v.112 pp. 761-766
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; carbon; glycerol; hexanols; hydrophobicity; nitrogen; oxygen;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The surface hydrophobicity of starch-based films could be regulated using a two-step surface modification method. Such modification was realized by grafting with alkanols of different chain lengths (hexanol, dodecanol and octadecanol) on the surface of starch-based films. The grafting of alkanol increased the mobility of glycerol as the plasticizer within the film surface. Also, this grafting incr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.205

6. Pollution characteristics of 15 gas- and particle-phase phthalates in indoor and outdoor air in Hangzhou

Author:
Ouyang, Xingzi; Xia, Meng; Shen, Xueyou; Zhan, Yu
Source:
Journal of environmental sciences (China) 2019 v.86 pp. 107-119
ISSN:
1001-0742
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; air; human health; humidity; molecular weight; particulates; phthalates; pollutants; pollution; residential areas; risk; temperature;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phthalate esters (PAEs), typical pollutants widely used as plasticizers, are ubiquitous in various indoor and outdoor environments. PAEs exist in both gas and particle phases, posing risks to human health. In the present study, we chose four typical kinds of indoor and outdoor environments with the longest average human residence times to assess the human exposure in Hangzhou, including newly deco ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jes.2019.05.008

7. Sorption kinetic of aroma compounds by edible bio-based films from marine-by product macromolecules: Effect of relative humidity conditions

Author:
Benbettaïeb, Nasreddine; O'Connell, Claire; Viaux, Anne-sophie; Bou-Maroun, Elias; Seuvre, Anne-Marie; Brachais, Claire-Hélène; Debeaufort, Frédéric
Source:
Food chemistry 2019 v.298 pp. 125064
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; aldehydes; biopolymers; chitosan; edible films; gelatin; odor compounds; odors; phenol; physicochemical properties; relative humidity; sorption;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Edible films based on gelatin and chitosan have high gas and aroma barrier properties. This study focused on their capability to sorbed/retain aroma compounds (1-hexanal, 2-hexen-1-ol, 1-hexanol, 3-hexanone and phenol) at three relative humidity level (≤2%, 53% or 84% RH). Whatever the relative humidity condition, the order of sorption is keton (3-hexanone) < aldehyde (1-hexanal) < aliphatic alcoh ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2019.125064

8. Nanostructural characterisation of polymer inclusion membranes using X-ray scattering

Author:
Nagul, Edward A.; Croft, Charles F.; Cattrall, Robert W.; Kolev, Spas D.
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2019 v.588 pp. 117208
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; artificial membranes; cellulose; phosphoric acid; poly(vinyl chloride); thermoplastics; wide-angle X-ray scattering; ytterbium;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The nanostructural features of polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs) containing one of three polymers, and a variety of carriers and plasticisers, were determined using small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS). Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC), cellulose triacetate (CTA) and poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP) were used as the polymers. Pure polymer membranes were general ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2019.117208

9. Viscoelastic behaviour of cellulose acetate/triacetin blends by rheology in the melt state

Author:
Dreux, Xavier; Majesté, Jean-Charles; Carrot, Christian; Argoud, Alexandra; Vergelati, Caroll
Source:
Carbohydrate polymers 2019 v.222 pp. 114973
ISSN:
0144-8617
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; cellulose acetate; hydrogen bonding; melting; polymers; rheology; temperature; triacetin; viscoelasticity;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The viscoelastic behaviour of cellulose acetate with a degree of substitution (DS) of 245 plasticized by triacetin was studied at short times by dynamic oscillatory measurements. Two distinct regimes and unexpected scaling behaviour according to plasticizer content were highlighted. The dynamics of chains and their structural organization are not modified up to 35 wt% of triacetin. The rheological ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.114973

10. Metabolites of phosphate flame retardants and alternative plasticizers in urine from intensive care patients

Author:
Bastiaensen, Michiel; Malarvannan, Govindan; Been, Frederic; Yin, Shanshan; Yao, Yiming; Huygh, Johan; Clotman, Katrien; Schepens, Tom; Jorens, Philippe G.; Covaci, Adrian
Source:
Chemosphere 2019 v.233 pp. 590-596
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; adults; flame retardants; medical equipment; metabolites; patients; phosphates; phthalates; toxicity; urine;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Several regulatory offices called for the phase-out of di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) in medical devices if safer alternatives are available. In medical devices, the occurrence of alternative plasticizers (APs) is widely variable among types of devices. However, plasticizer use is constantly evolving, as there is no reference to guide manufacturers in the choice and amount to be integrated int ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.280

11. Development, influencing parameters and interactions of bioplasticizers: An environmentally friendlier alternative to petro industry-based sources

Author:
Hassan, Adeel Ahmad; Abbas, Anees; Rasheed, Tahir; Bilal, Muhamad; Iqbal, Hafiz M.N.; Wang, Shifeng
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.682 pp. 394-404
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; biodegradability; diffusivity; environmental impact; human health; industry; lubricants; petroleum; plastics; selection criteria; solubility;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The current industrial revolution emphasized the necessity to use environmentally friendlier sources and strategies to meet the bio-based economy challenges of the modern world. Owing to the finiteness, human health and environmental impacts of fossil resources, current research efforts are switched to search and develop renewable, sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives of commercial plasticize ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.140

12. Starch-based films: Major factors affecting their properties

Author:
Thakur, Rahul; Pristijono, Penta; Scarlett, Christopher J.; Bowyer, Michael; Singh, S.P.; Vuong, Quan V.
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2019 v.132 pp. 1079-1089
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; additives; coatings; cost effectiveness; edible films; starch; storage conditions; temperature; tensile strength;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Starch is the most popular plant polysaccharides, which has been widely used for the development of edible coating films because of its abundance, cost-effectiveness, and excellent film-forming abilities. Starch-based films have good optical, organoleptic and gas barrier properties, however, they have poor mechanical properties. Many attempts have been made to overcome these limitations, such as t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.190

13. Composite solid electrolyte PEO/SN/LiAlO2 for a solid-state lithium battery

Author:
Zhang, Nan; He, Jianwei; Han, Wenmiao; Wang, Yadong
Source:
Journal of materials science 2019 v.54 no.13 pp. 9603-9612
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; additives; anodes; cathodes; composite polymers; electrochemistry; electrolytes; hot water treatment; lithium; lithium batteries;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lithium aluminate (LAO) is known to be an effective filler for improving the conductivity of polyethylene–LiX (PEO–LiX) solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs), while succinonitrile (SN) is an excellent solid plasticizer with plastic crystalline organic molecules. In this work, LAO micro-rods are prepared via a simple hydrothermal method, and a novel PEO-based composite polymer electrolyte is developed ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-019-03535-3

14. Dermal exposure to plasticizers in nail polishes: An alternative major exposure pathway of phosphorus-based compounds

Author:
Tokumura, Masahiro; Seo, Makiko; Wang, Qi; Miyake, Yuichi; Amagai, Takashi; Makino, Masakazu
Source:
Chemosphere 2019 v.226 pp. 316-320
ISSN:
0045-6535
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; breathing; citrates; dermal exposure; dibutyl phthalate; dust; ingestion; manufacturing; phosphates; public health; Japan; United States;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phosphorus-based compounds are used as plasticizers in the manufacture of many products found in the indoor environment. Here we quantitatively investigated dermal exposure to phosphorus-based compounds contained in 45 nail polishes purchased in Japan. The alternative plasticizer triphenyl phosphate (TPhP) was detected in some samples of the nail polishes made in the USA (concentration, 1.1–1.8 wt ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.03.108

15. Recent Developments of Biobased Plasticizers and Their Effect on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Poly(vinyl chloride): A Review

Author:
Kumar, Sudheer
Source:
Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2019 v.58 no.27 pp. 11659-11672
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; chemistry; consciousness; petroleum; phthalates; poly(vinyl chloride); process design; thermal properties; toxicity;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) has been extensively utilized globally, with various applications in construction, piping, wiring and cable, installation, flooring, nonfood packing, windows, doors, and more. Phthalates have been the most commonly employed plasticizers for PVC, but some of these plasticizers demonstrate many toxic effects on the environment and human beings, which consequent ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.9b02080

16. System for mercury preconcentration in natural waters based on a polymer inclusion membrane incorporating an ionic liquid

Author:
Elias, Gemma; Díez, Sergi; Fontàs, Clàudia
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2019 v.371 pp. 316-322
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; biofilm; cations; cellulose; cysteine; groundwater; ionic liquids; mercury; polymers; quaternary ammonium compounds; rivers; seawater;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, we have evaluated two different ionic liquids (IL) as extractants based on the same cation (trioctylmethylammonium) but bearing the anion thiosalicylate (TOMATS) or salicylate (TOMAS). Both IL have been incorporated as carriers in polymer inclusion membranes (PIMs), and mercury (Hg) has been preconcentrated using a special device. Results show that among the tested IL, TOMATS has gi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.03.017

17. Effect of plasticizing and crosslinking at room temperature on microstructure replication using soft lithography on zein films

Author:
Barber, E.A.; Turasan, H.; Gezer, P.G.; Devina, D.; Liu, G.L.; Kokini, J.
Source:
Journal of food engineering 2019 v.250 pp. 55-64
ISSN:
0260-8774
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; Raman spectroscopy; ambient temperature; crosslinking; glutaraldehyde; microstructure; nanomaterials; oleic acid; zein;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study examined various zein film formulations to improve the properties for a Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) sensor application. Both oleic acid (OA) plasticizer and glutaraldehyde (GDA) crosslinker were simultaneously incorporated in the films to heighten particular mechanical and surface properties and enhance fidelity of transfer of micro/nano structures. It was found that both ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2019.01.018

18. The Effect of Polyurethane Glycolysate on the Structure and Properties of Natural Rubber/Carbon Black Composites

Author:
Włoch, Marcin; Ostaszewska, Urszula; Datta, Janusz
Source:
Journal of polymers and the environment 2019 v.27 no.6 pp. 1367-1378
ISSN:
1566-2543
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; chemical structure; foams; glycolysis; mechanical properties; oils; polyurethanes; recycling; rubber; soot; wastes;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this work the use of polyurethane chemical recycling product (i.e. glycolysis of polyurethane waste realized with the mass excess of polymer) as a plasticizer for natural rubber-based composites was proposed. The effect of plasticizer type (napthenic oil and polyurethane foam glycolysate) and amount (2, 4, 6 or 8 parts per 100 parts of natural rubber) on the processing properties of rubber mixt ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10924-019-01437-8

19. Triacetin as a Secondary PVC Plasticizer

Author:
Gama, Nuno; Santos, Ricardo; Godinho, Bruno; Silva, Rui; Ferreira, Artur
Source:
Journal of polymers and the environment 2019 v.27 no.6 pp. 1294-1301
ISSN:
1566-2543
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; glycerol; hardness; phthalates; poly(vinyl chloride); rheological properties; thermal stability; toxicity; triacetin;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The use of biobased plasticizers with low toxicity and good compatibility with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) has become more attractive in the recent years in contrast with phthalate derivatives. In this study, a glycerol derivative plasticizer (triacetin—TAG) was tested as a secondary plasticizer for PVC. TAG was added to PVC formulations from 10 up to 20 phr. The increase of the plasticizer content h ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10924-019-01432-z

20. Designed from Recycled: Turning Polyethylene Waste to Covalently Attached Polylactide Plasticizers

Author:
Bäckström, Eva; Odelius, Karin; Hakkarainen, Minna
Source:
ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering 2019 v.7 no.12 pp. 11004-11013
ISSN:
2168-0485
Subject:
plasticizers,   etc   ; adipic acid; brittleness; chemical bonding; extrusion; feedstocks; microwave treatment; models; polyethylene; polylactic acid; recycling; wastes;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... High-density polyethylene (HDPE) waste was successfully feedstock recycled, and the obtained chemicals were utilized for synthesis of plasticizers for polylactide (PLA). First, an effective route to recycle HDPE through a microwave-assisted hydrothermal process was established. This process led to selective degradation of HDPE to a few well-defined chemicals, namely, succinic, glutaric, and adipic ...
DOI:
10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b02092