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1. Gunshot residue background on police officers: Considerations for secondary transfer in GSR evidence evaluation

Author:
Lucas, Nick; Cook, Michael; Kirkbride, K. Paul; Kobus, Hilton
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.297 pp. 293-301
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; hands; models;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... In order to have confidence in the integrity of a GSR test result, it is essential to understand the factors that may influence the presence of GSR particles on a person of interest’s hands beyond the discharge of a firearm. One important consideration is the possibility that a person of interest (POI) may become contaminated with GSR through their interactions with firearms-carrying police office ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.017

2. An Assessment of Police Officers’ Perception of Hotspots: What Can Be Done to Improve Officer’s Situational Awareness?

Author:
Ilijazi, Venezija; Milic, Nenad; Milidragovic, Dragan; Popovic, Brankica
Source:
ISPRS international journal of geo-information 2019 v.8 no.6
ISSN:
2220-9964
Subject:
police,   etc   ; crime; law enforcement; Serbia;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The idea behind patrol activity is that police officers should be the persons best acquainted with the events and people in their patrol area. This implies that they should have access to relevant data and information (e.g., where and how to pay attention, when and how crimes are committed) in order to effectively perform their police duties. To what extent their perceptions of the places prone to ...
DOI:
10.3390/ijgi8060260

3. From Insult to Estrangement and Injury: The Violence of Racist Police Jokes

Author:
Pérez, Raúl; Ward, Geoff
Source:
TheAmerican behavioral scientist 2019 v.63 no.13 pp. 1810-1829
ISSN:
1552-3381
Subject:
police,   etc   ; issues and policy; minorities (people); violence;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This article examines racially derogatory police jokes, what we call “racist blue humor,” as discourse that negatively targets and ridicules racial and ethnic minorities as inferior, dangerous, or as objects of symbolic and cultural violence. We argue that racist blue humor fosters the social acceptability of prejudice and discrimination among officers, normalizing a culture of dehumanization that ...
DOI:
10.1177/0002764219842617

4. Differentiation of homicidal or suicidal strangulation

Author:
Doberentz, E.; Markwerth, P.; Madea, B.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.301 pp. e44
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; buildings; crime; forensic sciences; necropsy; suicide;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hanging can be suicidal, accidental, or homicidal, and these backgrounds must be discriminated by police and forensic pathologists. We herein report a case involving a 33-year-old man who was found dead on the floor behind the entrance door of an apartment house. The man’s brother declared that he had found him hanging in the gap between the stairs on the top floor. When his brother tried to cut h ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.058

5. The wisdom of the crowd: A case of post- to ante-mortem face matching by police super-recognisers

Author:
Davis, Josh P.; Maigut, Andreea; Forrest, Charlotte
Source:
Forensic science international 2019
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; case studies; face; forensic sciences; males;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This case report describes novel methodology used to identify a 43-year-old post-mortem photo of a drowned male recovered from a London river in the 1970s. Embedded in an array of foils, police super-recognisers (n=25) possessing superior simultaneous face matching ability, and police controls (n=139) provided confidence ratings as to the similarity of the post-mortem photo to an ante-mortem photo ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109910

6. Surveys of organic gunshot residue prevalence: Comparison between civilian and police populations

Author:
Manganelli, Manuela; Weyermann, Céline; Gassner, Anne-Laure
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.298 pp. 48-57
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; carbon; hands; liquid chromatography; surveys;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study investigated the prevalence of eight OGSR compounds in a civilian and a police population. Specimens were collected from the hands and sleeves of 122 civilians and 115 individuals working in police services using carbon stubs. Data was acquired using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.Results indicated a non-negligible prevalence in the civilian sample, with 18% o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.02.050

7. Assessment of the potential investigative value of a decentralised rapid DNA workflow for reference DNA samples

Author:
Morgan, Robert; Illidge, Steffany; Wilson-Wilde, Linzi
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.294 pp. 140-149
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; DNA; databases; forensic sciences; surveys; Australia;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rapid DNA technology has the ability to provide DNA analysis results in real-time. The purpose of this study was to assess the potential investigative value that could be gained by using a rapid DNA workflow in Australia, for reference DNA samples. A survey of police charging stations and DNA analysis laboratories in five Australian jurisdictions identified that a rapid DNA analysis workflow could ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.11.015

8. The effectiveness of DNA databases in relation to their purpose and content: A systematic review

Author:
Struyf, Pia; De Moor, Sabine; Vandeviver, Christophe; Renard, Bertrand; Vander Beken, Tom
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.301 pp. 371-381
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; DNA; databases; forensic sciences; law enforcement; stakeholders; systematic review;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Different stakeholders use forensic DNA databases for different purposes; for example, law enforcement agencies use them as an investigative tool to identify suspects, and criminologists use them to study the offending patterns of unidentified suspects. A number of researchers have already studied their effectiveness, but none has performed an overview of the relevant literature. Such an overview ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.052

9. Modelling the spatial decision making of terrorists: The discrete choice approach

Author:
Marchment, Zoe; Gill, Paul
Source:
Applied geography 2019 v.104 pp. 21-31
ISSN:
0143-6228
Subject:
police,   etc   ; data collection; decision making; military lands; models; regression analysis;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This is the first study to apply a discrete choice model to understand terrorist spatial decision making. The findings support the proposition that terrorists make decisions that are guided by rationality and act in a similar way to urban criminals. A conditional logistic regression ascertained which characteristics increased the likelihood that an area would be selected as a target, using a datas ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apgeog.2019.01.009

10. Micro-segmental hair analysis for proving drug-facilitated crimes: Evidence that a victim ingested a sleeping aid, diphenhydramine, on a specific day

Author:
Kuwayama, Kenji; Nariai, Maika; Miyaguchi, Hajime; Iwata, Yuko T.; Kanamori, Tatsuyuki; Tsujikawa, Kenji; Yamamuro, Tadashi; Segawa, Hiroki; Abe, Hiroko; Iwase, Hirotaro; Inoue, Hiroyuki
Source:
Forensic science international 2018 v.288 pp. 23-28
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; crime; drugs; ingestion; models;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sleeping aids are often abused in the commission of drug-facilitated crimes. Generally, there is little evidence that a victim ingested a spiked drink unknowingly because the unconscious victim cannot report the situation to the police immediately after the crime occurred. Although conventional segmental hair analysis can estimate the number of months since a targeted drug was ingested, this analy ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2018.04.027

11. Comparing Residents’ Fear of Crime with Recorded Crime Data—Case Study of Ostrava, Czech Republic

Author:
Pánek, Jiří; Ivan, Igor; Macková, Lucie
Source:
ISPRS international journal of geo-information 2019 v.8 no.9
ISSN:
2220-9964
Subject:
police,   etc   ; autocorrelation; crime; criminology; data collection; fearfulness; psychology; questionnaires; spatial data; surveys; Czech Republic;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The fear of crime is an established research topic, not only in sociology, environmental psychology and criminology, but also in GIScience. Using spatial analysis to analyse patterns, explore hotspots and determine the significance of respective surveys is one reason for the increase in popularity of such research topics for geographers, cartographers and spatial data scientists. This paper presen ...
DOI:
10.3390/ijgi8090401

12. Application of atomic force microscopy in the analysis of time since deposition (TSD) of red blood cells in bloodstains: A forensic analysis

Author:
Cavalcanti, D.R.; Silva, L.P.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.301 pp. 254-262
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; atomic force microscopy; ceramics; crime; deformation; erythrocytes; forensic sciences; glass; humans; spectroscopy;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bloodstains can provide important information about a criminal act. These biological traces, when analyzed at murder sites, for example, can determine the dynamics of a criminal offense, the identity of a suspect, and the time at which a crime was committed. Determine the time since deposition (TSD) of these blood traces may be the first clue for the police investigators to estimate the time-lapse ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.048

13. Implications of two backward blood spatter models based on fluid dynamics for bloodstain pattern analysis

Author:
Comiskey, P.M.; Yarin, A.L.; Attinger, D.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.301 pp. 299-305
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; air; blood; crime; droplets; experts; fluid mechanics; gravity; mathematical models; prediction;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) is an integral part of crime scene investigation. For violent crimes involving gunshots, standard practice in police departments worldwide have some physical limitations. For instance, the effect of gravity and air drag on trajectories of blood droplets are neglected using current reconstruction methods, which results in a well-known overestimation of the height o ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.05.026

14. Use of TETRA personal radios and sickness absence in the Airwave Health Monitoring Study of the British police forces

Author:
Elliott, Paul; Aresu, Maria; Gao, He; Vergnaud, Anne-Claire; Heard, Andy; McRobie, Dennis; Spear, Jeanette; Singh, Deepa; Kongsgård, Håvard Wahl; Mbema, Catherine; Muller, David C.
Source:
Environmental research 2019 v.175 pp. 148-155
ISSN:
0013-9351
Subject:
police,   etc   ; confidence interval; human resources; models; monitoring; odds ratio; radio; radio waves; regression analysis; risk;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Terrestrial Trunked Radio (TETRA) is used for radiocommunications among the British police forces.To investigate association of personal radio use and sickness absence among police officers and staff from the Airwave Health Monitoring Study.Participant-level sickness absence records for 26 forces were linked with personal radio use for 32,102 participants. We used multivariable logistic regression ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envres.2019.05.012

15. The use of crime scene detection dogs to locate semen stains on different types of fabric

Author:
van Dam, Annemieke; Schoon, Adee; Wierda, Sanne F.; Heeringa, Eveline; Aaldersa, Maurice C.G.
Source:
Forensic science international 2019
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; acid phosphatase; color; crime; dogs; fabrics; fluorescence; forensic sciences; semen;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In sexual assault cases, the detection and identification of semen is extremely important as this type of evidence can be used as a source for investigative leads and contributes to case evidence. However, the detection of semen stains is often difficult, even indoors, because of different (environmental) factors, such as substrate type, coloured items and large search areas. In 2015, a project wa ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109907

16. Three-dimensional shape variation and sexual dimorphism of the face, nose, and mouth of Japanese individuals

Author:
Imaizumi, Kazuhiko; Taniguchi, Kei; Ogawa, Yoshinori; Matsuzaki, Kazutoshi; Maekawa, Hidemasa; Nagata, Takeshi; Mochimaru, Masaaki; Kouchi, Makiko
Source:
Forensic science international 2019
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; adults; face; females; forensic sciences; lips; males; models; nose; principal component analysis; sexual dimorphism;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Three-dimensional (3D) shape variations of the face and facial parts in Japanese adults were examined to collect basic data to be used for facial comparison in forensics. In total, 1000 3D facial scans (500 males, 500 females) of Japanese individuals were re-meshed into anatomically homologous shape models and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) after Procrustes superimposition. Facial ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109878

17. 3D mug shot—3D head models from photogrammetry for forensic identification

Author:
Leipner, Anja; Obertová, Zuzana; Wermuth, Martin; Thali, Michael; Ottiker, Thomas; Sieberth, Till
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.300 pp. 6-12
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; cameras; face; forensic sciences; humans; models; monitoring; photogrammetry; photographs; surface quality; texture; twins;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... No human face is like another, not even in monozygotic twins, which makes the face one of the most individualizing characteristic. It is for this reason that the human face is commonly used for identification purposes and police officers take portrait photographs of arrested persons, so-called mug shots. The disadvantage of these 2D mug shots is that the perspective, in which they are taken (usual ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.04.015

18. What have we learned from the dead? A compilation of three years of cooperation between entomologists and crime scene investigators in Southern Brazil

Author:
Corrêa, Rodrigo C.; Caneparo, Maria F.C.; Vairo, Karine P.; de Lara, Alexandre G.; Moura, Mauricio O.
Source:
Revista Brasileira de entomologia 2019 v.63 no.3 pp. 224-231
ISSN:
0085-5626
Subject:
police,   etc   ; Calliphoridae; Silphidae; carrion insects; cities; crime; death; entomologists; fauna; forensic entomology; forensic sciences; Brazil;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... With homicide rates higher than the world average, Brazil stands out as one of the most violent countries worldwide. Time of death estimation based solely on body changes can be biased or inaccurate; forensic entomology can play a determinant role in such cases. Accurate knowledge of necrophilous fauna is essential to validate experimental data and allows for the application of entomological evide ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rbe.2019.05.009

19. Forensic investigation of incidents involving chemical threat agent: Presentation of the operating procedure developed in Belgium for a field-exercise

Author:
Kummer, Natalie; Augustyns, Benoît; Van Rompaey, Diederik; De Meulenaere, Katleen
Source:
Forensic science international 2019 v.299 pp. 180-186
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
police,   etc   ; DNA; chemical hazards; crime; decontamination; exercise; forensic sciences; safety equipment; teams; Belgium;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The GIFT CBRN project (Generic Integrated Forensic Toolbox for chemical, biological, radiological and nuclear incidents), funded under the Seventh Framework Programme of the European Commission, has been set up to find solutions for investigating incidents involving CBRN agents. Regarding the forensic point of view, specific tools and procedures to assist forensic investigators to perform a crime ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.03.037

20. Music festivals and drugs: Wastewater analysis

Author:
Mackuľak, Tomáš; Brandeburová, Paula; Grenčíková, Anna; Bodík, Igor; Staňová, Andrea Vojs; Golovko, Oksana; Koba, Olga; Mackuľaková, Markéta; Špalková, Viera; Gál, Miroslav; Grabic, Roman
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.659 pp. 326-334
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
police,   etc   ; European Union; cities; cocaine; metabolites; methamphetamines; music; patients; questionnaires; wastewater; wastewater treatment; Czech Republic; Slovakia;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Drug consumption in individual cities, regions, and at various music events and festivals across the EU has generally been monitored via questionnaires, patients' medical data, and police reports. However, an overview of drug consumption obtained from these methods can be negatively affected by various subjective factors. We aimed to investigate an association between levels of target drugs in was ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.275