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1. Comparative Study of Promastigote- and Amastigote-Initiated Infection of Leishmania infantum (Kinetoplastida: Trypanosomatidae) in Phlebotomus perniciosus (Diptera: Psychodidae) Conducted in Different Biosafety Level Laboratories

Author:
Vaselek, Slavica; Prudhomme, Jorian; Myskova, Jitka; Lestinova, Tereza; Spitzova, Tatiana; Bañuls, Anne-Laure; Volf, Petr; Florin, David
Source:
Journal of medical entomology 2020 v.57 no.2 pp. 601-607
ISSN:
1938-2928
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania infantum; Phlebotomus perniciosus; amastigotes; biosafety; cages; comparative study; containers; females; hematophagy; parasites;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sand flies (Diptera: Psychodidae) are natural vectors of Leishmania. For the initiation of sand fly experimental infections either Leishmania amastigotes or promastigotes can be used. In order to obtain comparable results, it is necessary to adjust and standardize procedures. During this study, we conducted promastigote- and amastigote-initiated infections of Leishmania infantum Nicolle, 1908 para ...
DOI:
10.1093/jme/tjz199
PubMed:
31702779
PubMed Central:
PMC7044723

2. Genetic validation of Leishmania genes essential for amastigote survival in vivo using N-myristoyltransferase as a model

Author:
Paape, Daniel; Prendergast, Catriona T.; Price, Helen P.; Doehl, Johannes S. P.; Smith, Deborah F.
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2020 v.13 no.1 pp. 132
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania; RNA interference; drug development; genes; genomics; loci; macrophages; mice; models; mutants; parasites; plasmids; selection pressure; transferases; viability;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Proving that specific genes are essential for the intracellular viability of Leishmania parasites within macrophages remains a challenge for the identification of suitable targets for drug development. This is especially evident in the absence of a robust inducible expression system or functioning RNAi machinery that works in all Leishmania species. Currently, if a target gene of inter ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-020-3999-1
PubMed:
32171322
PubMed Central:
PMC7071782

3. Phenotypic adaptations of Leishmania donovani to recurrent miltefosine exposure and impact on sand fly infection

Author:
Hendrickx, Sarah; Van Bockstal, Lieselotte; Bulté, Dimitri; Mondelaers, Annelies; Aslan, Hamide; Rivas, Luis; Maes, Louis; Caljon, Guy
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2020 v.13 no.1 pp. 96
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania donovani; Lutzomyia longipalpis; chromosomes; drugs; genes; macrophages; parasite load; parasites; phenotype; relapse; therapeutics; virulence; visceral leishmaniasis; India;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Since the introduction of miltefosine (MIL) as first-line therapy in the kala-azar elimination programme in the Indian subcontinent, treatment failure rates have been increasing. Since parasite infectivity and virulence may become altered upon treatment relapse, this laboratory study assessed the phenotypic effects of repeated in vitro and in vivo MIL exposure. METHODS: Syngeneic Leish ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-020-3972-z
PubMed:
32087758
PubMed Central:
PMC7036194

4. Development of Leishmania (Mundinia) in guinea pigs

Author:
Becvar, Tomas; Siriyasatien, Padet; Bates, Paul; Volf, Petr; Sádlová, Jovana
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2020 v.13 no.1 pp. 181
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; DNA; Leishmania enriettii; Lutzomyia; animal diseases; disease reservoirs; ears; erythema; guinea pigs; humans; leishmaniasis; models; parasites; polymerase chain reaction; tissues; wild animals; Ghana;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Leishmaniasis is a human and animal disease caused by parasites of the genus Leishmania, which is now divided into four subgenera, Leishmania, Viannia, Sauroleishmania and Mundinia. Subgenus Mundinia, established in 2016, is geographically widely dispersed, its distribution covers all continents, except Antarctica. It consists of 5 species; L. enriettii and L. macropodum are parasites ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-020-04039-9
PubMed:
32268916
PubMed Central:
PMC7140393

5. Cellular localization, cloning and expression of Leishmania braziliensis Phospholipase A1

Author:
Bott, Emanuel; López, María Gabriela; Lammel, Estela María; Carfagna, Ivanna Emilce; Durante de Isola, Elvira Luisa; Ruybal, Paula; Taboga, Oscar; Gimenez, Guadalupe; Belaunzarán, María Laura
Source:
Microbial pathogenesis 2020 v.141 pp. 104010
ISSN:
0882-4010
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Baculoviridae; Leishmania braziliensis; Trypanosoma; amastigotes; catalytic activity; genes; leishmaniasis; nucleotide sequences; parasites; phosphatidylcholines; phospholipase A1; phospholipases; phylogeny; recombinant proteins; Latin America;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Leishmaniasis is caused by several species of protozoan parasites of the genus Leishmania and represents an important global health problem. Leishmania braziliensis in particular is responsible of cutaneous and mucocutaneous forms of this parasitosis, with prevalence in Latin America. In the present work, we describe in L. braziliensis promastigotes and amastigotes the presence of a Phospholipase ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.micpath.2020.104010

6. Drug-containing hydrophobic dressings as a topical experimental therapy for cutaneous leishmaniasis

Author:
Pereira, Viviane; de Barros, Neuza Biguinati; Macedo, Sharon Rose Aragão; dos Santos Ferreira, Amália; Kanis, Luiz Alberto; Nicolete, Roberto
Source:
Journal of parasitic diseases 2020 v.44 no.1 pp. 79-87
ISSN:
0971-7196
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania amazonensis; adverse effects; amastigotes; blood serum; cutaneous leishmaniasis; drugs; histology; hydrophobicity; intravenous injection; macrophages; mice; parasite load; patients; topical application; Brazil;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), a clinical condition caused mainly by Leishmania amazonensis in Brazil, is characterized by topical, painless ulcers. The current treatment, based on intravenous administration of pentavalent antimonials, presents low adherence by patients and may cause serious adverse effects, leading to the need for searching new therapeutic options. Thus, this study aimed at evalua ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12639-019-01162-y
PubMed:
32174708
PubMed Central:
PMC7046828

7. Natural Leishmania (Leishmania) mexicana infection and biting activity of anthropophilic sand fly Lutzomyia ayacuchensis in the Ecuadorian Andes

Author:
Hashiguchi, Yoshihisa; Hashiguchi, Kazue; Zambrano, Flavio C.; Parraga, Francisco D.; Martillo, Viriginia P.; Torres, Edison X.; Velez, Lenin N.; Villegas, Nancy V.; Gomez, Eduardo A.; Kato, Hirotomo
Source:
Acta tropica 2020 v.203 pp. 105321
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania mexicana; Lutzomyia ayacuchensis; blood meal; cutaneous leishmaniasis; cytochrome b; dry season; genes; hindgut; microscopy; midgut; parasites; planning; temperature; vector control; wet season; Andes region; Ecuador;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... To elucidate the transmission mode of Andean cutaneous leishmaniasis (Andean-CL), natural Leishmania infection and biting activity of sand flies were tested in a selected sylvatic focus of the endemic area of the Ecuadorian Andes. Monthly sand fly collections and dissections were conducted during 12 months from July 2018 to June 2019. The Leishmania positive specimens/slides with innumerable amoun ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105321

8. SILAC-based quantitative proteomics reveals pleiotropic, phenotypic modulation in primary murine macrophages infected with the protozoan pathogen Leishmania donovani

Author:
Smirlis, Despina; Dingli, Florent; Pescher, Pascale; Prina, Eric; Loew, Damarys; Rachidi, Najma; Späth, Gerald F.
Source:
Journal of proteomics 2020 v.213 pp. 103617
ISSN:
1874-3919
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania donovani; anion exchange; drug therapy; fractionation; gel electrophoresis; humans; leishmaniasis; macrophages; metabolism; mice; morbidity; mortality; parasites; pathogens; phenotype; proteins; proteome; proteomics; tropical diseases; vacuoles;     Show all 21 Subjects
Abstract:
... Leishmaniases are major vector-borne tropical diseases responsible for great human morbidity and mortality, caused by protozoan, trypanosomatid parasites of the genus Leishmania. In the mammalian host, parasites survive and multiply within mononuclear phagocytes, especially macrophages. However, the underlying mechanisms by which Leishmania spp. affect their host are not fully understood. Herein, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103617

9. Essential and nonessential metal effects on extracellular Leishmania amazonensis in vitro

Author:
Pessanha de Carvalho, Laís; Held, Jana; de Melo, Edésio José Tenório
Source:
Experimental parasitology 2020 v.209 pp. 107826
ISSN:
0014-4894
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania amazonensis; animal diseases; cadmium chloride; heterochromatin; mercuric chloride; metabolism; metal ions; microbodies; mitochondria; new drugs; parasites; parasitism; toxicity; vertebrates; zinc; zinc chloride;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Protozoan parasites like Leishmania amazonensis are excellent models to test the effects of new drugs against a functional molecular arsenal used to establish successfully an infection in the vertebrate host, where they invade the cells of the monocytic system. However, little is known about the influence of metal ions on the cellular functionality of the infective forms of L. amazonensis. In the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.exppara.2019.107826

10. Role of the lipoxin A4 receptor in the development of neutrophil extracellular traps in Leishmania infantum infection

Author:
Wei, Furong; Gong, Wenci; Wang, Junyun; Yang, Yuetao; Liu, Jianxiu; Wang, Yanjuan; Cao, Jianping
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2019 v.12 no.1 pp. 275
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania infantum; antagonists; extrusion; histones; inflammation; leishmaniasis; mechanism of action; neutrophils; therapeutics;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Neutrophils play an immunomodulatory role through the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). NETs are released in response to Leishmania infection, but the mechanism of NET extrusion has not been elucidated. The lipoxin A4 receptor on neutrophils is crucial for the inflammatory response and immune regulation of many diseases, including Leishmania infection. Therefore, in the ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-019-3530-8
PubMed:
31142352
PubMed Central:
PMC6542009

11. The impact of arginase activity on virulence factors of Leishmania amazonensis

Author:
Aoki, Juliana Ide; Laranjeira-Silva, Maria Fernanda; Muxel, Sandra Marcia; Floeter-Winter, Lucile Maria
Source:
Current opinion in microbiology 2019 v.52 pp. 110-115
ISSN:
1369-5274
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania amazonensis; amastigotes; arginase; enzyme activity; immune response; parasites; polyamines; transcriptomics; vaccines; virulence;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The outcome of Leishmania infection depends on the parasite species and the host immune response. Virulence factors have been extensively studied over the years in an effort to find efficient vaccines and/or treatments for Leishmania infection. Arginase activity in Leishmania has been described as an essential player for the polyamines pathway, impacting parasite replication and infectivity. Consi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.mib.2019.06.003

12. Potent leishmanicidal and antibacterial metabolites from Olea ferruginea

Author:
Zafar, Salman; -Ur-Rehman, Faiz; Shah, Zafar Ali; Rauf, Abdur; Khan, Aziz; Humayun Khan, Muhammad; Ur Rahman, Khaliq; Khan, Serab; Ullah, Abid; Shaheen, Farzana
Source:
Journal of Asian natural products research 2019 v.21 no.7 pp. 679-687
ISSN:
1477-2213
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania tropica; Olea; antibacterial properties; chromatography; ethyl acetate; metabolites; pathogens; spectroscopy;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Inspired from the leishmanicidal and antibacterial potential of the fractions obtained from the crude extract of Olea ferruginea stem, the anti-leishmanial ethyl acetate fraction was subjected to chromatographic separation, leading to the isolation of a new compound ferruginan (1) and a known compound (+)- cycloolivil (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by various spectroscopic techniqu ...
DOI:
10.1080/10286020.2018.1467894

13. Meta-analysis and discussion on challenges to translate Leishmania drug resistance phenotyping into the clinic

Author:
Sereno, Denis; Harrat, Zoubir; Eddaikra, Naouel
Source:
Acta tropica 2019 v.191 pp. 204-211
ISSN:
0001-706X
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania; amastigotes; antibiotic resistance; genetic markers; guidelines; meta-analysis; microorganisms; phenotype;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) threatens the prevention and treatment of infections caused by a large range of microorganisms. Leishmania is not an exception and treatment failure due to drug-resistant organisms is increasingly reported. Currently, no molecular methods and marker are validated to track drug-resistant organism and antimicrobial susceptibility tests are roughly not amenable to a cli ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.01.009

14. Leishmania Viannia guyanensis

Author:
Olivier, Martin; Menendez, Aida Minguez; Fernandez-Prada, Christopher
Source:
Trends in parasitology 2019
ISSN:
1471-4922
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania; Leishmania RNA virus; Lutzomyia; amastigotes; exosomes; females; hematophagy; leishmaniasis; parasites; tissues; Argentina; United States;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Leishmania of the Viannia subgenus, including Leishmania Viannia guyanensis, is the agent responsible for cutaneous and mucocutaneous leishmaniasis (CL and MCL) in the Americas from the US to Argentina. 48,000 new cases of Cl and MCL are reported yearly, among which 1/10 are associated with L. V. guyanensis infection transmitted by female Lutzomyia sandflies during the blood meal. Inoculated metac ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pt.2019.06.008

15. Evaluation of in vitro antileishmanial efficacy of cyclosporin A and its non-immunosuppressive derivative, dihydrocyclosporin A

Author:
Zheng, Zhi-Wan; Li, Jiao; Chen, Han; He, Jin-Lei; Chen, Qi-Wei; Zhang, Jian-Hui; Zhou, Qi; Chen, Da-Li; Chen, Jian-Ping
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2020 v.13 no.1 pp. 94
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania donovani; adverse effects; amastigotes; antileishmanials; cell lines; cyclophilin A; cyclosporine; cytotoxicity; hydrogen peroxide; inhibitory concentration 50; interferon-gamma; interleukin-10; interleukin-12; interleukin-4; macrophages; mice; mitochondria; nitric oxide; sodium; therapeutics; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; ultrastructure; visceral leishmaniasis;     Show all 24 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: New therapeutic drugs are urgently needed against visceral leishmaniasis because current drugs, such as pentavalent antimonials and miltefosine, produce severe side effects and development of resistance. Whether cyclosporine A (CsA) and its derivatives can be used as therapeutic drugs for visceral leishmaniasis has been controversial for many years. METHODS: In this study, we evaluated ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-020-3958-x
PubMed:
32085719
PubMed Central:
PMC7035640

16. Leishmania braziliensis prostaglandin F2α synthase impacts host infection

Author:
Alves-Ferreira, Eliza Vanessa Carneiro; Ferreira, Tiago Rodrigues; Walrad, Pegine; Kaye, Paul M.; Cruz, Angela Kaysel
Source:
Parasites & vectors 2020 v.13 no.1 pp. 9
ISSN:
1756-3305
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania braziliensis; Leishmania donovani; Western blotting; amastigotes; arachidonic acid; computer simulation; cytoplasm; enzymes; gene expression; heat stress; homeostasis; host-parasite relationships; humans; image analysis; inflammation; lipid metabolism; macrophages; metabolites; mice; microscopy; parasites; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; prostaglandins; proteome;     Show all 26 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Prostaglandins (PG) are lipid mediators derived from arachidonic acid metabolism. They are involved in cellular processes such as inflammation and tissue homeostasis. PG production is not restricted to multicellular organisms. Trypanosomatids also synthesize several metabolites of arachidonic acid. Nevertheless, their biological role in these early-branching parasites and their role in ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13071-020-3883-z
PubMed:
31915065
PubMed Central:
PMC6950890

17. Rothmanniamide and other constituents from the leaves of Rothmannia hispida (K.Schum.) fagerl. (Rubiaceae) and their chemophenetic significance

Author:
Nkwenti Wonkam, Argan Kelly; Njanpa Ngansop, Cyrille Armel; Njonte Wouamba, Steven Collins; Jouda, Jean Bosco; Happi, Gervais Mouthe; Boyom, Fabrice Fekam; Sewald, Norbert; Lenta, Bruno Ndjakou
Source:
Biochemical systematics and ecology 2020 v.93 pp. 104137
ISSN:
0305-1978
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania donovani; Rubiaceae; antileishmanial properties; beta-sitosterol; ceramides; cytotoxicity; erythrodiol; in vitro studies; inhibitory concentration 50; kaempferol; leaves; lupeol; macrophages; mannitol; methanol; methylene chloride; nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy; palmitates; stigmasterol; ursolic acid;     Show all 21 Subjects
Abstract:
... The chemical investigation of the CH₂Cl₂/MeOH (1:1) extract of the leaves of Rothmannia hispida (K. Schum.) Fagerl. (Rubiaceae) led to the isolation of a new ceramide rothmanniamide (1) and a naturally isolated alkyl cinnamate derivative n-heptadecyl-4-hydroxy-trans-cinnamate (2), along with fifteen known compounds including lupeol palmitate (3), lupeol (4), a mixture of uvaol (5) and erythrodiol ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.bse.2020.104137

18. The Experimental Proteome of Leishmania infantum Promastigote and Its Usefulness for Improving Gene Annotations

Author:
Sanchiz, África; Morato, Esperanza; Rastrojo, Alberto; Camacho, Esther; González-de la Fuente, Sandra; Marina, Anabel; Aguado, Begoña; Requena, Jose M.
Source:
Genes 2020 v.11 no.9
ISSN:
2073-4425
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania infantum; RNA-binding proteins; amino acid sequences; databases; enzymes; flagellum; genes; genomics; mass spectrometry; microbodies; mitochondria; molecular chaperones; nucleotide sequences; peptides; phosphorylation; post-translational modification; proteome; proteomics; transcriptomics; translation (genetics); visceral leishmaniasis;     Show all 22 Subjects
Abstract:
... Leishmania infantum causes visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar), the most severe form of leishmaniasis, which is lethal if untreated. A few years ago, the re-sequencing and de novo assembling of the L. infantum (JPCM5 strain) genome was accomplished, and now we aimed to describe and characterize the experimental proteome of this species. In this work, we performed a proteomic analysis from axenic cu ...
DOI:
10.3390/genes11091036

19. Structure and Antiparasitic Activity Relationship of Alkylphosphocholine Analogues against Leishmania donovani

Author:
Ahmed, Humera; Carter, Katharine C.; Williams, Roderick A.M.
Source:
Microorganisms 2020 v.8 no.8
ISSN:
2076-2607
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Leishmania donovani; adverse effects; amastigotes; antileishmanial properties; antimony; bone marrow; carbon; chemical structure; cytotoxicity; diarrhea; inhibitory concentration 50; intravenous injection; liver; mice; models; oral administration; parasite load; parasites; spleen; teratogenicity; visceral leishmaniasis; vomiting;     Show all 23 Subjects
Abstract:
... Miltefosine (Milt) is the only oral treatment for visceral leishmaniasis (VL) but its use is associated with adverse effects, e.g., teratogenicity, vomiting, diarrhoea. Understanding how its chemical structure induces cytotoxicity, whilst not compromising its anti-parasitic efficacy, could identify more effective compounds. Therefore, we systemically modified the compound’s head, tail and linker t ...
DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms8081117

20. In-vitro and in-vivo comparative effects of the spring and autumn-harvested Artemisia aucheri Bioss extracts on Leishmania major

Author:
KarimiPourSaryazdi, Amir; Ghaffarifar, Fatemeh; Dalimi, Abdolhossein; Dayer, Mohammad Saaid
Source:
Journal of ethnopharmacology 2020 v.257 pp. 112910
ISSN:
0378-8741
Subject:
promastigotes,   etc   ; Artemisia aucheri; Leishmania major; amastigotes; antioxidants; apoptosis; autumn; coumarin; cytotoxicity; death; flow cytometry; high performance liquid chromatography; in vitro studies; inhibitory concentration 50; macrophages; mice; ointments; plant extracts; quercitrin; spring; survival rate; therapeutics; traditional medicine;     Show all 23 Subjects
Abstract:
... Artemisia aucheri Bioss contains flavonoid, coumarin and santonin with antioxidant, antimicrobial and antileishmanial effects. The current study was aimed to comparatively evaluate the effects of spring and autumn extracts of A. aucheri Bioss on Leishmania major both in-vitro and in-vivo conditions.HPLC analysis was used to evaluate the percentages of compounds in spring and autumn extracts of A. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jep.2020.112910