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1. An improved self-consistent approach to attenuation correction for C-band polarimetric radar measurements and its impact on quantitative precipitation estimation

Author:
Gou, Yabin; Chen, Haonan; Zheng, Jiafeng
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.226 pp. 32-48
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
rain; rain gauges,   etc   ; liquids; polarimetry; radar; China;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Attenuation correction of measured reflectivity (ZH) and differential reflectivity (ZDR) is critical in short-wavelength radar applications, especially during extreme precipitation events such as heavy rain. This paper develops an improved self-consistent approach (improved ZPHI method) for attenuation correction in practical environment. In particular, a non-negative constraint is imposed on the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.03.006

2. Correction to: The effect of successive low-impact development rainwater systems on peak flow reduction in residential areas of Shizhuang, China

Author:
Miao, Zhan-Tang; Han, Mooyoung; Hashemi, Shervin
Source:
Environmental earth sciences 2019 v.78 no.3 pp. 98
ISSN:
1866-6280
Subject:
rain,   etc   ; residential areas; China;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the original publication, the Figs. 5 and 7 are published incorrectly. The correct figures are given below: ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12665-019-8088-4

3. A drought climatology for Mauritius using the standardized precipitation index

Author:
Dhurmea, K.R.; Boojhawon, R.; Rughooputh, S.D.D.V
Source:
Hydrological sciences journal 2019 v.64 no.2 pp. 227-240
ISSN:
2150-3435
Subject:
rain,   etc   ; climatology; drought; Mauritius;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study presents a high-resolution and multi-temporal drought climatology for Mauritius based on calculated standardized precipitation index (SPI) using mean monthly rainfall for the period 1953–2007. A monthly mean SPI varying from +3.4 to −2.7 indicates the occurrence of extremely wet and dry conditions, and collocated SPI indicates more frequent mild drought conditions. Spatial maps of rainf ...
DOI:
10.1080/02626667.2019.1570209

4. The exceptionally wet year of 2014 over Greece: a statistical and synoptical-atmospheric analysis over the region of Thessaloniki

Author:
Tolika, Konstantia; Maheras, Panagiotis; Anagnostopoulou, Christina
Source:
Theoretical and applied climatology 2018 v.132 no.3-4 pp. 809-821
ISSN:
0177-798X
Subject:
rain; rain intensity,   etc   ; Greece;     Show all 3 Subject
Abstract:
... The highest rainfall totals (912.2 mm) and the largest number of raindays (133 days), since 1958, were recorded in Thessaloniki during the year of 2014. Extreme precipitation heights were also observed on a seasonal, monthly and daily basis. The examined year presented the highest daily rainfall intensity, the maximum daily precipitation and the largest number of heavy precipitation days (greater ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00704-017-2131-8

5. To what extent can the below-cloud washout effect influence the PM2.5? A combined observational and modeling study

Author:
Lu, Xingcheng; Chan, Siu Chung; Fung, Jimmy C.H.; Lau, Alexis K.H.
Source:
Environmental pollution 2019 v.251 pp. 338-343
ISSN:
0269-7491
Subject:
rain; rain intensity,   etc   ; air quality; data collection; models; particulates; pollutants;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The below-cloud washout (BCW) effect on PM2.5 concentration during periods of rain is still a subject of debate. Existing BCW schemes for PM2.5 have large deficiencies that influence its simulation in 3D chemical transport models (CTMs). In this study, a 7-year dataset with high temporal resolution (in minutes) sampled from a pristine rural site is used to calculate the BCW coefficient during the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envpol.2019.04.061

6. Hybrid methodology for precipitation estimation using Hydro-Estimator over Brazil

Author:
Siqueira, Ricardo Almeida de; Vila, Daniel
Source:
International journal of remote sensing 2019 v.40 no.11 pp. 4244-4263
ISSN:
1366-5901
Subject:
rain; rain gauges,   etc   ; algorithms; climate; remote sensing; satellites; Brazil;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rainfall measurement is a very important topic to society and for the understanding of the weather and climate, therefore needs to be calculated as accurately as possible. Counteracting the problem of the high temporal and spatial variability of precipitation, geostationary satellites sensors have been proved an excellent tool to this task, providing scans with high temporal resolution and detecti ...
DOI:
10.1080/01431161.2018.1562262

7. Rainfall enhancement in Karnataka state cloud seeding program “Varshadhare” 2017

Author:
Kulkarni, J.R.; Morwal, S.B.; Deshpande, N.R.
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.219 pp. 65-76
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
rain; rain gauges,   etc   ; experimental design; guidelines; sowing; India;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Operational cloud seeding program was conducted in the Karnataka State, India during 21 August to 7 November 2017 with robust, pre-established experimental design plan following the guidelines developed under Indian national CAIPEEX program. Hygroscopic and glaciogenic seeding were carried out using areal method. A very high resolution raingauge network (spatial resolution: 5 km, temporal resoluti ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.12.020

8. Variation in rain drop size distribution and rain integral parameters during southwest monsoon over a tropical station: An inter-comparison of disdrometer and Micro Rain Radar

Author:
Jash, Dharmadas; Resmi, E.A.; Unnikrishnan, C.K.; Sumesh, R.K.; Sreekanth, T.S.; Sukumar, Nita; Ramachandran, K.K.
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.217 pp. 24-36
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
rain; rain intensity,   etc   ; altitude; monsoon season; radar; water content;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The study focuses on the inter-comparison of rain drop size distributions (DSD) and rain integral parameters retrieved using continuous observations from Micro Rain Radar (MRR) and Optical Disdrometer (OD). The variations of the rain parameters during the southwest monsoon period of 2012 over a tropical coastal station are examined. The rain rate and radar reflectivity obtained from both MRR and d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.10.014

9. Comparison of Drought Indices in a Semi-Arid River Basin of India

Author:
Wable, Pawan S.; Jha, Madan K.; Shekhar, Ankit
Source:
Water resources management 2019 v.33 no.1 pp. 75-102
ISSN:
0920-4741
Subject:
rain; rain gauges,   etc   ; basins; climate; drought; evapotranspiration; monitoring; watersheds; India;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Due to the inherent complexity of drought phenomena, difference in hydro-climatic conditions and watershed characteristics, there is a lack of a universal drought index for assessing drought conditions in a particular region. Hence, the performance evaluation of different drought indices is necessary for identifying a suitable drought index. In this study, the performance of five drought indices w ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11269-018-2089-z

10. Geomorphological instantaneous unit hydrograph model with distributed rainfall

Author:
Goñi, Mikel; López, J. Javier; Gimena, Faustino N.
Source:
Catena 2019 v.172 pp. 40-53
ISSN:
0341-8162
Subject:
rain; rain gauges,   etc   ; geomorphology; hydrograph; models; runoff; subwatersheds; Spain;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two variants of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph model based on a Geomorphological association of linear Reservoirs (IUHGR), incorporating the Spatial Variability of Rainfall (SVR), have been developed. The proposed models are based on the Geomorphological Reservoirs (GR) scheme consisting of a cascade of linear reservoirs aggregating sub-watersheds. The model, in its first version, was formulate ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.catena.2018.08.010

11. Trends in autumn rain of West China from 1961 to 2014

Author:
Zhang, Chi; Wang, Zunya; Zhou, Botao; Li, Yonghua; Tang, Hongyu; Xiang, Bo
Source:
Theoretical and applied climatology 2019 v.135 no.1-2 pp. 533-544
ISSN:
0177-798X
Subject:
rain; rain intensity,   etc   ; autumn; climate; water vapor; wet season; China;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Autumn rain of West China is a typical climate phenomenon, which is characterized by continuous rainy days and large rainfall amounts and exerts profound impacts on the economic society. Based on daily precipitation data from 524 observation stations for the period of 1961–2014, this article comprehensively examined secular changes in autumn rain of West China, including its amount, frequency, int ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00704-017-2361-9

12. Short time precipitation estimation using weather radar and surface observations: with rainfall displacement information integrated in a stochastic manner

Author:
Yan, Jieru; Bárdossy, András
Source:
Journal of hydrology 2019
ISSN:
0022-1694
Subject:
rain; rain gauges,   etc   ; air; hydrology; meteorological data; radar; snow; wind;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rain gauges are the foundation in hydrology to collect rainfall data, however gauge observations alone are limited at representing the complete rainfall distribution. On the other hand, weather radar can provide a nearly complete spatial distribution of rainfall qualitatively at high temporal and spatial resolution, yet concerns about the biases in the precipitation estimates hamper the direct use ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2019.04.061

13. Improving ECMWF-based 6-hours maximum rain using instability indices and neural networks

Author:
Manzato, Agostino; Pucillo, Arturo; Cicogna, Andrea
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.217 pp. 184-197
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
rain,   etc   ; lightning; neural networks; Italy;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Friuli Venezia Giulia (FVG, NE Italy) is an area of maximum rainfall in the whole Alpine chain territory, reaching more than 3200 mm of mean annual rain in the Julian Prealps. According to recent climatological studies, the same area is also one of the European spot in recent lightning climatologies, meaning that convective rain plays an important role in the total rainfall.A network of 104 rainga ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2018.10.020

14. Exploring wastewater system performance under future threats: Does enhancing resilience increase sustainability?

Author:
Sweetapple, Chris; Fu, Guangtao; Farmani, Raziyeh; Butler, David
Source:
Water research 2019 v.149 pp. 448-459
ISSN:
0043-1354
Subject:
rain,   etc   ; case studies; wastewater; watersheds;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sustainability and resilience are both key considerations in the design and operation of wastewater systems. However, there is currently a lack of understanding of the relationship between these two goals and of the effects of increasing resilience on sustainability. This paper, therefore, presents a framework for analysis of the effects of resilience-enhancing interventions on sustainability, and ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.watres.2018.11.025

15. Dynamic runoff simulation in a changing environment: A data stream approach

Author:
Yang, Qinli; Zhang, Heng; Wang, Guoqing; Luo, Shasha; Chen, Dongzi; Peng, Wanshan; Shao, Junming
Source:
Environmental modelling & software 2019 v.112 pp. 157-165
ISSN:
1364-8152
Subject:
rain,   etc   ; hydrologic models; runoff; temperature;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, we introduce a data stream method for dynamic runoff simulation, which allows capturing the evolving relationship between runoff and its impact factors (e.g., temperature, rainfall). The basic idea is to view continuously arriving data of runoff and its impact factors as a data stream, and dynamically learn its relationship. To validate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsoft.2018.11.007

16. Spatiotemporal characteristics of severe dry and wet conditions in the Free State Province, South Africa

Author:
Mbiriri, M.; Mukwada, G.; Manatsa, D.
Source:
Theoretical and applied climatology 2019 v.135 no.1-2 pp. 693-706
ISSN:
0177-798X
Subject:
rain,   etc   ; drought; summer; South Africa;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper assesses the spatiotemporal characteristics of agricultural droughts and wet conditions in the Free State Province of South Africa for the period between 1960 and 2013. Since agriculturally, the Free State Province is considered the bread basket of the country, understanding the variability of drought and wet conditions becomes necessary. The Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) compu ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00704-018-2381-0

17. Description and preliminary results of a 100 square meter rain gauge

Author:
Grimaldi, Salvatore; Petroselli, Andrea; Baldini, Luca; Gorgucci, Eugenio
Source:
Journal of hydrology 2018 v.556 pp. 827-834
ISSN:
0022-1694
Subject:
rain; rain gauges; rain intensity,   etc   ; wind;     Show all 4 Subject
Abstract:
... Rainfall is one of the most crucial processes in hydrology, and the direct and indirect rainfall measurement methods are constantly being updated and improved. The standard instrument used to measure rainfall rate and accumulation is the rain gauge, which provides direct observations. Though the small dimension of the orifice allows rain gauges to be installed anywhere, it also causes errors due t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhydrol.2015.09.076

18. Distinguishing transport-limited and detachment-limited processes of interrill erosion on steep slopes in the Chinese loessial region

Author:
Wu, Bing; Wang, Zhanli; Zhang, Qingwei; Shen, Nan
Source:
Soil & tillage research 2018 v.177 pp. 88-96
ISSN:
0167-1987
Subject:
rain; rain intensity,   etc   ; interrill erosion;     Show all 3 Subject
Abstract:
... Distinguishing transport- and detachment-limited processes of interrill erosion on the basis of the ratio of interrill erosion rate (Q) to splash detachment rate (D) was investigated to fully understand interrill erosion processes. A modified experimental device was used to measure interrill erosion and splash detachment rates simultaneously at 12.23%, 17.63%, 26.8%, 36.4%, 40.40% and 46.63% slope ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.still.2017.12.005

19. Dynamic real-time volumetric correction for tipping-bucket rain gauges

Author:
Sypka, Przemysław
Source:
Agricultural and forest meteorology 2019 v.271 pp. 158-167
ISSN:
0168-1923
Subject:
rain; rain gauges; rain intensity,   etc   ; algorithms; buckets; digital database; hills; laboratory experimentation; mathematical models; microprocessors; temperate zones; vegetation;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Tipping bucket rain gauges are the most popular devices for determining rainfall intensity and precipitation depth. Even though application of a tipping bucket gauge presupposes calibration, they are susceptible to various random, mechanical, and systematic errors. In general, precipitation measurements may be underestimated by 5% to 40%. This paper presents a method of determining volumetric corr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agrformet.2019.02.044

20. Implementation and evaluation of a convective/stratiform precipitation scheme in Attica region, Greece

Author:
Feloni, Elissavet G.; Baltas, Evangelos A.; Nastos, Panagiotis T.; Matsangouras, Ioannis T.
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.220 pp. 109-119
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
rain; rain gauges; rain intensity,   etc   ; convection; floods; lightning; storms; summer; time series analysis; uncertainty; urban areas; Greece; United Kingdom;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Attica, which is the region with the largest population in Greece, suffers from numerous high rainfall intensity events inducing flash floods and, consequently, significant damages in the urbanized areas. High rainfall intensities are frequently connected with convection, a quiet often phenomenon during either the transitional seasons or the late summer thunderstorms. The objective of this paper i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.01.011