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... The highest rainfall totals (912.2 mm) and the largest number of raindays (133 days), since 1958, were recorded in Thessaloniki during the year of 2014. Extreme precipitation heights were also observed on a seasonal, monthly and daily basis. The examined year presented the highest daily rainfall intensity, the maximum daily precipitation and the largest number of heavy precipitation days (greater ...
rain; rain gauges, etc ; geomorphology; hydrograph; models; runoff; subwatersheds; Spain; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two variants of the Instantaneous Unit Hydrograph model based on a Geomorphological association of linear Reservoirs (IUHGR), incorporating the Spatial Variability of Rainfall (SVR), have been developed. The proposed models are based on the Geomorphological Reservoirs (GR) scheme consisting of a cascade of linear reservoirs aggregating sub-watersheds. The model, in its first version, was formulate ...
... Rainfall is one of the most crucial processes in hydrology, and the direct and indirect rainfall measurement methods are constantly being updated and improved. The standard instrument used to measure rainfall rate and accumulation is the rain gauge, which provides direct observations. Though the small dimension of the orifice allows rain gauges to be installed anywhere, it also causes errors due t ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; Pinus tabuliformis; Quercus variabilis; drainage; forest litter; runoff; water interception; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rainfall interception and other hydrologic processes affected by the forest litter layer are usually related to litter characteristics and rainfall conditions, with limited studies that consider the influence of slope. To simulate the hydrological functions of the litter layer at different slope gradients, artificial rainfall experiments were conducted at four rainfall intensities (from 30 to 120 ...
... The article Estimation of rainfall intensity–duration–frequency curves at ungauged locations using quantile regression methods, written by D. Ouali, A. J. Cannon, was originally published electronically on the publisher’s internet portal (currently SpringerLink) on 28 May, 2018 without open access. ...
... In this study, the spatial variation of daily and monthly concentration precipitation index and its aggressiveness were used in 23 rainfall stations in the extreme north-east of Algeria over the period 1970–2010. The trend was analysed by the Mann–Kendall (MK) test. The results show that daily precipitation concentration index (CI) values are noticeably higher in places where the amount of total p ...
rain, etc ; basins; climate; climatology; floodplains; hydrology; models; satellites; Sudan; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The rain gage networks in the African countries are notorious for their poor density and low frequency of observations. Rainfall products based on satellite estimates and/or ground observations have proven to be a viable alternative in the recent evolving campaigns to overcome this deficiency. The newly-borne country within the Nile Basin, South Sudan, has extremely few operating rain gage station ...
rain; rain forests, etc ; air; basins; evaporation; freshwater; global positioning systems; heat; humidity; oceans; summer; trade winds; water vapor; Andes region; Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Amazon basin constitutes the most developed rainforest in the world, accounting for 15-20% of the global freshwater input into the oceans. The low level flow over this region is climatologically dominated by the Atlantic anticycslone and the trade winds. This yields an incoming oceanic moist air to the continent from the East, which is forced to lift up over the Andes range at the West. The co ...
rain; rain gauges, etc ; basins; lakes; mountains; neural networks; regression analysis; space and time; support vector machines; time series analysis; wavelet; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... In mountainous regions, rainfall can be extremely variable in space and time. The need to simulate rainfall time series at different scales on one hand and the lack of recording such parameters in small scales because of administrative and economic problems, on the other hand, disaggregation of rainfall time series to the desired scale is an essential topic for hydro-environmental studies of such ...
rain; rain gauges, etc ; hydrologic models; satellites; uncertainty; China; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hydrological model and water resource assessment performance are highly dependent on the quality of the precipitation input, which can be improved by means of the optimal interpolation method for the merged precipitation. However, the traditional first-guess field of satellite precipitation often increases the merging error on account of its inherent bias. Some authors have suggested the need of g ...
rain; tropical rain forests, etc ; climate change; models; watersheds; Borneo; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... We present the climate change impact on the annual and seasonal precipitation over Rajang River Basin (RRB) in Sarawak by employing a set of models from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Based on the capability to simulate the historical precipitation, we selected the three most suitable GCMs (i.e. ACCESS1.0, ACCESS1.3, and GFDL-ESM2M) and their mean ensemble (B3MMM) was used ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; case studies; equations; models; probability; watersheds; Indonesia; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Analysis of rainfall intensity with specific probability is very important to control the negative impact of rainfall occurrence. Rainfall intensity (I), probability (p) and return period (T) are very important variables for the discharge analysis. There are several methods to estimate rainfall intensity, such as Talbot, Sherman, and Ishiguro. The aim of this research is to develop equation model ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; drying; hysteresis; soil water characteristic; water table; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effects of rainfall infiltration and hysteresis on the settlement of shallow foundations in unsaturated soil were numerically investigated. Numerical solutions were verified against experimental data. Rainfall intensities and groundwater table positions, factors that contribute to an additional settlement of shallow foundations, were investigated through a series of parametric studies. The eff ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; buckets; drainage; flood control; urban areas; Spain; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... An analysis of the normalised rainfall intensity curves in Barcelona (NE Spain) has been undertaken from 41 selected rain rate episodes recorded by an urban network of tipping buckets applying a 5-min integration time along the years 1994–2009. These curves, based on cumulative amount and time distributions, are modelled by a power law, this fact suggesting fractal behaviour. Four parameters chara ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; meteorological data; model validation; models; England; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... We develop a doubly stochastic point process model with exponentially decaying pulses to describe the statistical properties of the rainfall intensity process. Mathematical formulation of the point process model is described along with second-order moment characteristics of the rainfall depth and aggregated processes. The derived second-order properties of the accumulated rainfall at different agg ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; climate; data collection; wind direction; wind speed; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Both semi-empirical methods and CFD simulations use real climate datasets as a basis for determining the building facade exposure to wind-driven rain and simultaneous wind pressure. The time resolution of these datasets and the number of variables considered (commonly rainfall intensity, wind speed and wind direction) determine the required calculation effort and the accuracy of the result. Omitti ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; mass movement; soil water; Taiwan; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Antecedent rainfall plays an important role in rainfall-induced mass movements. However, it is difficult to define the appropriate period of antecedent rainfall for mass movement assessment. To solve this problem, this study provides a simple approach that combines calibrated antecedent rainfall (CAR) and 24-h rainfall for 283 mass movements that occurred in Taiwan from 2006 to 2013. The 24-h rain ...
rain; rain gauges, etc ; case studies; data collection; equations; kriging; Italy; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rain gauge is the oldest and most accurate instrument for rainfall measurement, able to provide long series of reliable data. However, rain gauge records are often plagued by gaps, spatio-temporal discontinuities and inhomogeneities that could affect their suitability for a statistical assessment of the characteristics of extreme rainfall. Furthermore, the need to discard the shorter series for ob ...
rain; rain intensity, etc ; equations; statistical analysis; Iberian Peninsula; Spain; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The fractal behavior of extreme rainfall intensities registered between 1940 and 2012 by the Retiro Observatory of Madrid (Spain) has been examined, and a simple scaling regime ranging from 25 min to 3 days of duration has been identified. Thus, an intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) master equation of the location has been constructed in terms of the simple scaling formulation. The scaling behavio ...
... Regionalization and pooling stations to form homogeneous regions or communities are essential for reliable parameter transfer, prediction in ungauged basins, and estimation of missing information. Over the years, several clustering methods have been proposed for regional analysis. Most of these methods are able to quantify the study region in terms of homogeneity but fail to provide microscopic in ...