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1. Orthotropic hygro-mechanical behavior of Chinese fir during cyclical relative humidity variation

Author:
Peng, Hui; Jiang, Jiali; Lu, Jianxiong; Cao, Jinzhen
Source:
Journal of wood science 2020 v.66 no.1 pp. 19
ISSN:
1435-0211
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; Cunninghamia lanceolata; anisotropy; viscoelasticity;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The orthotropic free swelling–shrinkage and mechano-sorptive creep (MSC) during cyclical relative humidity (RH) variation (0–80% RH) and time-dependent viscoelastic creep (VEC) in a steady state (0% RH) were examined in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata). During RH changing, the occurrences of local maximum or minimum strains of the free swelling–shrinkage and MSC lagged behind the correspondin ...
DOI:
10.1186/s10086-020-01868-1

2. Exploring the solid-state phases and thermodynamics of calcium l-lactate

Author:
De Maere D'aertrycke, Jean-Baptiste; Morlot, Julien; Robeyns, Koen; Filinchuk, Yaroslav; Leyssens, Tom
Source:
Food chemistry 2020 v.325 pp. 126884
ISSN:
0308-8146
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; analytical methods; crystallization; industry; lactic acid; temperature; thermodynamics;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Calcium l-lactate, an organic salt derived from l-lactic acid, is used in many fields such as food, pharmaceutical or cosmetic industry. To this date, its solid-state thermodynamics are still poorly understood: a pentahydrate crystalline and anhydrate amorphous forms were already characterized, and potential other hydrates mentioned in literature. For the development of a robust crystallization pr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126884

3. Impact of assimilating multi-source observations on meteorological and PM2.5 forecast over Central China

Author:
Liu, Jian; Hong, Jia; Mao, Feiyue; Gong, Wei; Shen, Longjiao; Liang, Shengwen; Chen, Jiangping
Source:
Atmospheric research 2020 v.241 pp. 104945
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; Earth atmosphere; models; particulates; temperature; China;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Data assimilation (DA) is a promising approach to improve meteorological and PM₂.₅ forecasts, but to what extent and by what process the DA of meteorological fields helps improve PM₂.₅ forecast still call for more discussion. By utilizing WRFDA and WRF-Chem models, we have assimilated AMSU-A, MHS radiances and conventional observations, and studied the influences of the meteorological DA on meteor ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2020.104945

4. Poly-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (PHEDP) as a highly effective water-retentive and proton-conductive material for low-humidity proton exchange membranes

Author:
Huang, Henghui; Xu, Jiaoyan; Feng, Qi; Ni, Liwen; Zhang, Li; Yang, Cheng; Fan, Jiantao; Li, Hui; Wang, Haijiang
Source:
Journal of membrane science 2020 v.606 pp. 118144
ISSN:
0376-7388
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; anodes; asymmetric membranes; cathodes; fuel cells; sulfonic acids;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... To improve the proton conductivity and fuel cell performance of a perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) membrane under low-humidity conditions, a series of poly-hydroxyethylidene-1,1-diphosphonic acid (PHEDP) materials are designed and synthesized through a self-polycondensation reaction. Self-humidifying proton exchange membranes are fabricated by combining PHEDP with commercial PFSA resin, then optimize ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.memsci.2020.118144

5. Theoretical study of infrared transparent cover preventing condensation on indoor radiant cooling surfaces

Author:
Xing, Daoming; Li, Nianping; Cui, Haijiao; Zhou, Linxuan; Liu, Qingqing
Source:
Energy 2020 v.201 pp. 117694
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; air; cooling; dewpoint; energy conservation; temperature;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Due to their energy saving and thermal comfort, radiant cooling (RAC) systems have attracted growing interests all around the world in recent years. However, condensation has been troubling the wide application of RAC systems. In this paper, being analogous to the sky radiative cooling, a method of infrared (IR) transparent cover preventing condensation on the RAC surface is proposed. The feasibil ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2020.117694

6. Possible causes of the significant decrease in the number of summer days with light rain in the east of southwestern China

Author:
Zhou, Jie; Zhi, Rong; Li, Yonghua; Zhao, Junhu; Xiang, Bo; Wu, Yao; Feng, Guolin
Source:
Atmospheric research 2020 v.236 pp. 104804
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; evaporation; rain; specific humidity; summer; temperature; China;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this paper, we investigated the spatio-temporal characteristics of the amount of light rain and the number of days with light rain in the ESWC and explored the possible causes of the significant decrease in the number of days with light rain. The results show that: (1) Both the amount of light rain and the number of days with light rain over the ESWC in summer showed a decreasing trend, with li ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104804

7. Low Operating Voltage Organic Field-Effect Transistors with Gelatin as a Moisture-Induced Ionic Dielectric Layer: The Issues of High Carrier Mobility

Author:
Mandal, Suman; Mandal, Ajoy; Jana, Gourhari; Mallik, Samik; Roy, Satyajit; Ghosh, Arnab; Chattaraj, Pratim Kumar; Goswami, Dipak K.
Source:
ACS applied materials & interfaces 2020 v.12 no.17 pp. 19727-19736
ISSN:
1944-8252
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; capacitance; electric potential difference; gelatin; transistors;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... We have developed low-voltage (<2 V) flexible organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) with high carrier mobility using gelatin as a moisture-induced ionic gate dielectric system. Ionic concentration in the gelatin layer depends on the relative humidity condition during the measurement. The capacitance of the dielectric layer used for the calculation of field-effect carrier mobility for the OFETs ...
DOI:
10.1021/acsami.0c01499

8. Controlling the film structure by regulating 2D Ruddlesden–Popper perovskite formation enthalpy for efficient and stable tri-cation perovskite solar cells

Author:
Liang, Chao; Salim, K. M. Muhammed; Li, Pengwei; Wang, Zhuo; Koh, Teck Ming; Gu, Hao; Wu, Bo; Xia, Junmin; Zhang, Zhipeng; Wang, Kaiyang; Liu, Tanghao; Wei, Qi; Wang, Sisi; Tang, Yuxin; Shao, Guosheng; Song, Yanlin; Mathews, Nripan; Xing, Guichuan
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2020 v.8 no.12 pp. 5874-5881
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; cations; enthalpy; fluorine; hydrophobicity; moieties; solar cells;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The incorporation of bulky organic cations into metal-halide perovskites, forming 2D–3D heterojunctions, has dramatically improved the stability of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Nevertheless, the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of these PSCs are typically sacrificed because the formed 2D structures possess larger dielectric confinement, wider bandgaps, higher exciton binding energies and low ...
DOI:
10.1039/d0ta00525h

9. Passivation effect of halogenated benzylammonium as a second spacer cation for improved photovoltaic performance of quasi-2D perovskite solar cells

Author:
Liu, Guozhen; Xu, Xiao-Xiao; Xu, Shendong; Zhang, Liying; Xu, Huifen; Zhu, Liangzheng; Zhang, Xianxi; Zheng, Haiying; Pan, Xu
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2020 v.8 no.12 pp. 5900-5906
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; amines; cations; crystal structure; solar cells;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The low photovoltaic performance of 2D perovskites, which is caused by high exciton binding energy and wide band gaps, has limited their further development and applications. Here, we adopted a new-type strategy to obtain high-quality 2-hydroxyethylamine (HEA)-based quasi-2D perovskite films by incorporating halogenated second spacer cations. Due to the effective passivation of halogenated benzyla ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9ta14139a

10. Field assessment of winter outdoor 3-D radiant environment and its impact on thermal comfort in a severely cold region

Author:
Du, Jing; Sun, Cheng; Xiao, Qiuke; Chen, Xin; Liu, Jing
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.709 pp. 136175
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; air temperature; buildings; climate; cold; humans; winter; China;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... According to the Code for Design of Civil Buildings (GB 50352-2005), the severely cold region of China is defined as the area where the monthly mean air temperature is lower than or equal to −10 °C in January, and is lower than or equal to 25 °C in July, and mean relative humidity is higher than or equal to 50% in July. This study investigates outdoor 3-D short- and long-wave radiant flux densitie ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.136175

11. Lead-free perovskite [H₃NC₆H₄NH₃]CuBr₄ with both a bandgap of 1.43 eV and excellent stability

Author:
Li, Xiao-Lei; Li, Zhen; Zhang, Gao; Yang, Guan-Jun
Source:
Journal of materials chemistry A 2020 v.8 no.11 pp. 5484-5488
ISSN:
2050-7496
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; gloves; nitrogen; semiconductors; solar cells; toxicity; ultraviolet radiation;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Searching less toxic materials with both ideal bandgaps (1.0–1.5 eV for single-junction solar cells) and excellent stability remains a big challenge in perovskite optoelectronic materials field. Here, we report the optoelectronic properties and stability of the [H₃NC₆H₄NH₃]CuBr₄ perovskite material. Intriguingly, the material features a bandgap of 1.43 eV which approaches that of GaAs (1.42 eV)—th ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9ta12872g

12. Characterization of granular electrostatics generation

Author:
Yao, Jun; Li, Jinzhui; Zhao, Yanlin; Wang, Chi-Hwa
Source:
Powder technology 2020 v.363 pp. 74-85
ISSN:
0032-5910
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; coal; engineering; granules; poly(vinyl chloride); stainless steel;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Granule electrostatics is widely found in most granule engineering areas. However, the working mechanism has never been fully understood due to its sensitivity to working conditions, such as granule geometrical shape (including length-ratio and front-facing angle), contact area, granule material, relative humidity, sliding velocity, sliding orientation, normal stress and so on. In this work, singl ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.powtec.2020.01.028

13. A Simple Model for the Hygroscopy of Sulfuric Acid

Author:
Kiradjiev, Kristian B.; Nikolakis, Vladimiros; Griffiths, Ian M.; Beuscher, Uwe; Venkateshwaran, Vasudevan; Breward, Christopher J. W.
Source:
Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2020 v.59 no.10 pp. 4802-4808
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; absorption; mathematical models; prediction; sulfuric acid;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sulfuric acid is a highly hygroscopic substance, increasing its volume by absorbing water from a high relative-humidity environment. In this paper, we present a mathematical model that describes the hygroscopy of a uniform layer of sulfuric acid with a given initial concentration and relative humidity of the surrounding gaseous environment. We assume that water is absorbed across the gas–liquid in ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06018

14. Novel textile moisture sensors based on multi-layered braiding constructions

Author:
Wendler, Johannes; Maraite, Daniel; Nocke, Andreas; Cherif, Chokri
Source:
Textile research journal 2020 v.90 no.3-4 pp. 469-477
ISSN:
1746-7748
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; air; capacitance; fabrics; monitoring; textile fibers;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Novel textile moisture sensors based on multi-layered braiding constructions offer attractive monitoring possibilities for many application fields of e-textiles (electronic textiles), especially for ambient air, which is the main focus of this work. In this paper the theoretical foundations and the production, as well as the procedural, mechanical and humidity tests on newly developed, textile-bas ...
DOI:
10.1177/0040517519868172

15. Determination of the optimal defrosting initiating time point for an ASHP unit based on the minimum loss coefficient in the nominal output heating energy

Author:
Wang, Wei; Zhang, Shiqiang; Li, Zhaoyang; Sun, Yuying; Deng, Shiming; Wu, Xu
Source:
Energy 2020 v.191 pp. 116505
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; ambient temperature; energy; heat pumps; models; prediction; thawing;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... When an air source heat pump (ASHP) is operated at frosting conditions, controlling its defrosting initiation is very important, which affects its operating efficiency and output heating capacity. Therefore, to improve the accuracy of defrosting initiation of ASHPs under frosting-defrosting operations, an investigation on determination of an optimal defrosting initiating time point (tₒₚₜ) for an A ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2019.116505

16. Simulation of the responses of rainstorm in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches to changes in anthropogenic aerosol emissions

Author:
Bai, Yongqing; Qi, Haixia; Zhao, Tianliang; Zhou, Yue; Liu, Lin; Xiong, Jie; Zhou, Zhimin; Cui, Chunguang
Source:
Atmospheric environment 2020 v.220 pp. 117081
ISSN:
1352-2310
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; aerosols; droplets; emissions; models; particulates; Yangtze River;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The model WRF-Chem sensitivity simulation experiments with changing intensity of anthropogenic emissions sources were applied to simulate a rainstorm process in the Yangtze River Middle Reaches (YRMR) during June 18–19, 2018 to study the responses of clouds and precipitation in the rainstorm to changes in aerosol concentrations in this region. The simulation experiments revealed that the aerosol-c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosenv.2019.117081

17. Effects of accelerated weathering on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre/polybenzoxazine based green composites

Author:
Dayo, Abdul Qadeer; Babar, Aijaz Ahmed; Qin, Qi-rui; Kiran, Sadia; Wang, Jun; Shah, Ahmer Hussain; Zegaoui, Abdeldjalil; Ghouti, Hamid Abdelhafid; Liu, Wen-bin
Source:
Composites 2020 v.128 pp. 105653
ISSN:
1359-835X
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; biocomposites; hemp; mechanical properties; silane; temperature; weathering;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... In the current study, three different kinds of hemp fibre treated polybenzoxazine composites were exposed to accelerated weathering at 30 °C and 80% relative humidity (RH), till the saturated moisture uptake. The tensile, flexural, and impact properties of saturated samples were evaluated and results were compared with the unconditioned samples. The silane treated hemp fibre (STHF) composites show ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compositesa.2019.105653

18. Tensile testing of aged flexible unidirectional composite laminates for body armor

Author:
Engelbrecht-Wiggans, Amy; Burni, Faraz; Krishnamurthy, Ajay; Forster, Amanda L.
Source:
Journal of materials science 2020 v.55 no.3 pp. 1035-1048
ISSN:
0022-2461
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; accelerated aging; resins; temperature; tensile strength;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Flexible unidirectional (UD) composite laminates are commonly being used for ballistic-resistant body armor. These laminates comprise UD layers, each constructed by laminating thin layers of high-performance fibers held in place using very low modulus binder resins, with the fibers in each layer oriented parallel to each other. As these materials are used in body armor, it is important to investig ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10853-019-04063-w

19. Transmittance index characterization at two solar measurement stations in Brazil

Author:
Relva, Stefania Gomes; Gimenes, André Luiz Veiga; Udaeta, Miguel Edgar Morales; Galvão, Luiz Cláudio Ribeiro
Source:
Theoretical and applied climatology 2020 v.139 no.1-2 pp. 205-219
ISSN:
0177-798X
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; light intensity; pollution; probability distribution; transmittance; Brazil;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper constructs probability density distributions of direct normal, diffuse horizontal, and global horizontal irradiance for 1-min clearness indexes kb, kd, and kₜ, respectively. Previous studies on the clearness index, conditioned to the optical air mass, are analyzed and distributions of these three indexes, using data from two solarimetric stations in Brazil, are presented. The pattern fo ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00704-019-02941-6

20. Calix[4]resorcinarene-based [Co₁₆] coordination cages mediated by isomorphous auxiliary ligands for enhanced proton conduction

Author:
Guo, Ting-Ting; Cheng, Dong-Ming; Yang, Jin; Xu, Xianxiu; Ma, Jian-Fang
Source:
Chemical communications 2019 v.55 no.44 pp. 6277-6280
ISSN:
1364-548X
Subject:
relative humidity,   etc   ; chemical reactions; ligands;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... We herein propose a design assembly of calix[4]resorcinarene-based proton-conductive [Co₁₆] coordination cages (1-SO₃H and 1-OH) by carefully mediating the acidic sites of isomorphous auxiliary ligands. Markedly, 1-SO₃H exhibits a proton conductivity that increased about 1 order of magnitude relative to its counterpart 1-OH, reaching 1.35 × 10⁻² S cm⁻¹ at 90 °C and under 98% relative humidity. ...
DOI:
10.1039/c9cc01828j