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1. Experimental study on vented explosion overpressure of methane/air mixtures in manhole

Author:
Li, Pengliang; Huang, Ping; Liu, Zhenyi; Du, Bingxuan; Li, Mingzhi
Source:
Journal of hazardous materials 2019 v.374 pp. 349-355
ISSN:
0304-3894
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; air; cities; explosions; methane; models;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Gas explosion in manhole often occurs in cities. Many previous researches on gas explosion are not suitable for manhole explosion because of the particularity of manhole structure. To investigate the gas explosion in manhole, a full-scale manhole model was established, in which the explosion overpressure of methane/air mixtures were studied experimentally. The variation of blast wave overpressure ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.04.046

2. Local practitioners’ use of vulnerability and resilience concepts in adaptation to flood hazards

Author:
Oulahen, Greg; Mortsch, Linda; O’Connell, Erin; Harford, Deborah; Rutledge, Alexandra
Source:
Climatic change 2019 v.153 no.1-2 pp. 41-58
ISSN:
0165-0009
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; climate change; focus groups; surveys;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vulnerability and resilience are important ideas that are conceptualized in many different ways by researchers studying disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation. Four main conceptualizations of vulnerability in the literature include vulnerability as a threshold, as exposure to hazards, as a pre-existing condition, and as an outcome. Three main conceptualizations of resilience are res ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10584-019-02386-w

3. Assessment of the exposure to coastal flood risk by inhabitants of French coasts: The effect of spatial optimism and temporal pessimism

Author:
Coquet, Marie; Mercier, Denis; Fleury-Bahi, Ghozlane
Source:
Ocean & coastal management 2019 v.177 pp. 139-147
ISSN:
0964-5691
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; coastal zone management; coasts; risk; sea level; France;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The increase in coastal population exposure to coastal flood risk can be explained by the concentration of stakes particularly induced by property development in areas exposed to coastal flooding. To this trend is added the sea level rise expected in 100 years, which leads to an increased coastal flood risk. This research analyzes how inhabitants perceive the exposure to coastal flood risk at diff ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.05.004

4. Impacts of the consumer heterogeneity in fuel economy valuation on compliance with fuel economy standards

Author:
Xie, Fei; Liu, Nawei; Jin, Mingzhou; Lin, Zhenhong
Source:
Energy 2019 v.177 pp. 167-174
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; compliance; consumer preferences; fuels; markets; risk; United States;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study quantified the significance of assuming heterogeneity in consumer valuation of fuel economy on the estimated compliance with fuel economy standards, with two approaches. One is mathematical derivation on how the heterogeneity affects the estimated market acceptance of high-efficiency vehicles. The other is a consumer choice based simulation method to analyze the heterogeneity impacts on ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2019.03.151

5. Nontuberculous mycobacteria in drinking water systems – the challenges of characterization and risk mitigation

Author:
Dowdell, Katherine; Haig, Sarah-Jane; Caverly, Lindsay J; Shen, Yun; LiPuma, John J; Raskin, Lutgarde
Source:
Current opinion in biotechnology 2019 v.57 pp. 127-136
ISSN:
0958-1669
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; drinking water; genetic variation; nucleic acids;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) pulmonary infections are a growing concern worldwide, with a disproportionate incidence in persons with pre-existing health conditions. NTM have frequently been found in municipally-treated drinking water and building plumbing, leading to the hypothesis that an important source of NTM exposure is drinking water. The identification and quantification of NTM in envi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.copbio.2019.03.010

6. Moderate alcohol consumption and lower total mortality risk: justified doubts or established facts?

Author:
Costanzo, S.; de Gaetano, G.; Di Castelnuovo, A.; Djoussé, L.; Poli, A.; Van Velden, D.P.
Source:
Nutrition, metabolism, and cardiovascular diseases 2019
ISSN:
0939-4753
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; alcohol drinking; guidelines; health effects assessments; mortality;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... For almost a century, the scientific community is aware of the J-shaped curve between alcohol consumption and all-cause mortality. Moderate drinkers seem to live longer than both abstainers and heavy drinkers. These epidemiological observations regarding moderate alcohol consumption and beneficial health effects have been incessantly scrutinised for confounding and bias. This viewpoint discusses p ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.numecd.2019.05.062

7. Can pneumococcal meningitis surveillance be used to assess the impact of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on total invasive pneumococcal disease? A case-study from South Africa, 2005–2016

Author:
Kleynhans, Jackie; Cohen, Cheryl; McMorrow, Meredith; Tempia, Stefano; Crowther-Gibson, Penny; Quan, Vanessa; de Gouveia, Linda; von Gottberg, Anne
Source:
Vaccine 2019
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; meningitis; monitoring; serotypes; vaccines; South Africa;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... South Africa introduced seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) in 2009 and PCV13 in 2011. We aimed to compare the estimated impact of PCV on pneumococcal meningitis (PM) to impact of PCV on total invasive pneumococcal disease (tIPD) based on risk reduction after PCV introduction.We conducted national, laboratory-based surveillance for tIPD during 2005–2016. We estimated and compared ra ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.04.090

8. A General Framework for Process Synthesis, Integration, and Intensification

Author:
Demirel, Salih Emre; Li, Jianping; Hasan, M. M. Faruque
Source:
Industrial & engineering chemistry process design and development 2019 v.58 no.15 pp. 5950-5967
ISSN:
1520-5045
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; case studies; equipment; ethylene glycol; process design;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Process synthesis, integration, and intensification are the three pillars of process design. Current synthesis and integration methods are able to find optimal design targets and process configurations when all the alternatives are known beforehand. Process intensification, on the other hand, combines multiple physicochemical phenomena and exploits their interactions to create innovative designs. ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.iecr.8b05961

9. Experts, knowledge, risk, and fulfilling the promise of participation

Author:
Cook, Brian R.; de Lourdes Melo Zurita, Maria
Source:
Global environmental change 2019
ISSN:
0959-3780
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; experts; governance; interviews; models; occupations; risk; risk managers;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... 'Participation with publics' has been embraced in both government and academic literatures as a necessary but currently unrealized means of governing socio-environmental challenges. This near-universal embrace carries global significance. Long-standing efforts in the context of disaster risk reduction (DRR) provide an opportunity to consider how experts have positioned participation such that it c ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2019.03.001

10. The antimicrobial capacity of embalming solutions: a comparative study

Author:
Balta, J.Y.; Cryan, J.F.; O'Mahony, S.M.
Source:
Journal of applied microbiology 2019 v.126 no.3 pp. 764-770
ISSN:
1364-5072
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; antimicrobial properties; formalin; human health and safety; microorganisms;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... AIMS: Infectious health risks are associated with handling human cadavers and to decrease such risks, cadavers are embalmed using different chemicals. The aim of this study is to quantify the amount of micro‐organisms present in different regions of human cadavers before embalming, after embalming and over a period of 8 months. METHODS AND RESULTS: Human cadavers were embalmed using Thiel, formali ...
DOI:
10.1111/jam.14191

11. The failure mechanism and construction practice of large underground caverns in steeply dipping layered rock masses

Author:
Zhou, Yang-Yi; Xu, Ding-Ping; Gu, Gong-Kai; Liu, Ke; Wan, Liang-Peng; Wang, Tuan-Le; Yang, Jin-Bao
Source:
Engineering geology 2019 v.250 pp. 45-64
ISSN:
0013-7952
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; caves; cracking; dipping; mechanical properties; water power;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The stability of large underground caverns in steeply dipping layered rock masses is not only affected by the engineering geological characteristics of surrounding rock masses, but also by the excavation sequences and reinforcement measures. Certain places around the periphery of underground openings, such as the high sidewalls, would exhibit significant displacement increases and various failure ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.enggeo.2019.01.006

12. Pacific island regional preparedness for El Niño

Author:
Kelman, Ilan
Source:
Environment, development and sustainability 2019 v.21 no.1 pp. 405-428
ISSN:
1387-585X
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; El Nino; disasters; Pacific Ocean Islands;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle is often blamed for disasters in Pacific island communities. From a disaster risk reduction (DRR) perspective, the challenges with the El Niño part of the ENSO cycle, in particular, are more related to inadequate vulnerability reduction within development than to ENSO-induced hazard influences. This paper analyses this situation, filling in a conceptua ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10668-017-0045-3

13. Unseen potential: photovoice methods in hazard and disaster science

Author:
Schumann, Ronald L., III; Binder, Sherri Brokopp; Greer, Alex
Source:
GeoJournal 2019 v.84 no.1 pp. 273-289
ISSN:
0343-2521
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; disasters; focus groups; interviews; roots; social sciences; surveys;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... While still a nascent field, disaster science is surprisingly methodologically stagnant, often relying solely on traditional surveys, interviews, and focus groups to gather qualitative data. Social science disciplines that have long contributed to disaster research and the practice of emergency management, however, have begun to explore the value of alternative, participatory methodologies and the ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10708-017-9825-4

14. The time-varying linkages between global oil market and China's commodity sectors: Evidence from DCC-GJR-GARCH analyses

Author:
Jiang, Yonghong; Jiang, Cheng; Nie, He; Mo, Bin
Source:
Energy 2019 v.166 pp. 577-586
ISSN:
0360-5442
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; commodity markets; industry; models; oils; risk; China;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... We study the dynamic relationship between the global oil market and China's commodity market at the industry level by using a DCC-GJR-GARCH model. Results of this study reveal strong return spillovers and the long-term time-varying linkages in volatility between the global oil market and China's commodity sectors. We find evidence that the diversified portfolios can help us reduce risks effectivel ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.energy.2018.10.116

15. Voluntary Cleanup Programs for Brownfield Sites: A Theoretical Analysis

Author:
Lyon, ThomasP.; Yin, Haitao; Blackman, Allen; Wernstedt, Kris
Source:
Environmental and resource economics 2018 v.70 no.2 pp. 297-322
ISSN:
0924-6460
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; cleaning; theoretical models;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Delays in cleaning up contaminated “brownfield” sites have led many states to adopt voluntary cleanup programs (VCPs), but the incentives they create remain poorly understood. We present the first theoretical model of VCPs, motivating it from a review of their institutional background, and the limited empirical literature on their effects. We show that tort liability alone leads to excessive devel ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10640-017-0121-z

16. Long-term changes in body weight and physical activity in relation to all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: the HUNT study

Author:
Nordstoga, Anne Lovise; Zotcheva, Ekaterina; Svedahl, Ellen Rabben; Nilsen, Tom I. L.; Skarpsno, Eivind Schjelderup
Source:
The international journal of behavioral nutrition and physical activity 2019 v.16 no.1 pp. 45
ISSN:
1479-5868
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; body weight; confidence interval; death; mortality; physical activity; regression analysis;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Most previous studies have relied on single measurements of body weight and physical activity and have not considered the interplay between long-term changes in body weight and physical activity in relation to mortality. The aim of the current study was therefore to examine the joint effect of changes in body weight and leisure-time physical activity over a period of ~ 10 years on all- ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12966-019-0809-2

17. Mapping (for) resilience across city scales: An opportunity to open-up conversations for more inclusive resilience policy?

Author:
Borie, Maud; Ziervogel, Gina; Taylor, Faith E.; Millington, James D.A.; Sitas, Rike; Pelling, Mark
Source:
Environmental science & policy 2019 v.99 pp. 1-9
ISSN:
1462-9011
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; anthropogeography; case studies; collective action; governance; issues and policy; planning; poverty; spatial data;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... There are growing calls, across a continuum from international agreements to social movements, for strengthening urban resilience alongside reductions in inequality and poverty. Although there is broad agreement on what the term resilience means in general, different perspectives exist on how the concept should be implemented locally and controversies around its transformative potential continue. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.envsci.2019.05.014

18. Evaluation of the TRMM 3B42 and GPM IMERG products for extreme precipitation analysis over China

Author:
Fang, Jian; Yang, Wentao; Luan, Yibo; Du, Juan; Lin, Aiwen; Zhao, Lin
Source:
Atmospheric research 2019 v.223 pp. 24-38
ISSN:
0169-8095
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; algorithms; altitude; climate; hydrology; monsoon season; prediction; probability; rain; satellites; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Accurate estimation of extreme precipitation is vital for the prediction of hydrologic extremes and flood risk management. Recent satellite-based precipitation products provide important alternative sources of data for such applications, yet their quality and applicability with respect to extreme precipitation have not been studied sufficiently. In this study, the performances of the Tropical Rain ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.03.001

19. The Effects of UVB and Vitamin D on Decreasing Risk of Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality: A Review of the Epidemiology, Clinical Trials, and Mechanisms

Author:
Haidari, Fatemeh; Abiri, Behnaz; Iravani, Masood; Razavi, Seyyed-Mohsen; Vafa, Mohammadreza
Source:
Nutrition and cancer 2019 v.71 no.5 pp. 709-717
ISSN:
1532-7914
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; carcinogenesis; clinical trials; colorectal neoplasms; epidemiological studies; mortality; observational studies; vitamin D; weather;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The solar ultraviolet B–vitamin D-cancer hypothesis was first suggested in 1980 based on a geographical ecological study. Since then, several ecological and observational studies, as well as researches of mechanisms have supported the hypothesis. Also, the association between vitamin D condition and cancer risk has been assessed in a number of epidemiologic studies, while data from interventional ...
DOI:
10.1080/01635581.2018.1521444

20. Protein corona variation in nanoparticles revisited: A dynamic grouping strategy

Author:
Rezaei, Ghassem; Daghighi, Seyed Mojtaba; Haririan, Ismael; Yousefi, Iman; Raoufi, Mohammad; Rezaee, Farhad; Dinarvand, Rassoul
Source:
Colloids and surfaces 2019 v.179 pp. 505-516
ISSN:
0927-7765
Subject:
risk reduction,   etc   ; colloids; drugs; models; nanoparticles; protein corona; radar; risk assessment; therapeutics;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bio-nano interface investigation models are mainly based on the type of proteins present on corona, bio-nano interaction responses and the evaluation of final outcomes. Due to the extensive diversity in correlative models for investigation of nanoparticles biological responses, a comprehensive model considering different aspects of bio-nano interface from nanoparticles properties to protein corona ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.04.003