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1. Spray Coverage and Biological Efficacy of Single, Twin Symmetrical, and Twin Asymmetrical Flat Fan Nozzles

Author:
Akbar Aliverdi; Masoud Borghei
Source:
Acta technologica agriculturae 2021 v.24 no.2 pp. 92-96
ISSN:
1338-5267
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; fan nozzles; herbicides; spray coverage; wild oats;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Proper selection of nozzle type and spray volume is essential to optimize herbicide dose, reducing its adverse environmental effects. It has not been sufficiently evaluated which nozzle type (twin symmetrical flat fan nozzle or the twin asymmetrical one) is more efficient and whether pinoxaden application is more efficient at a low or high spray volume. The spray coverage of a single, twin ...
DOI:
10.2478/ata-2021-0015

2. Droplet distributions in cotton harvest aid applications vary with the interactions among the unmanned aerial vehicle spraying parameters

Author:
Pengchao Chen; Fan Ouyang; Guobin Wang; Haixia Qi; Weicheng Xu; Weiguang Yang; Yali Zhang; Yubin Lan
Source:
Industrial crops and products 2021 v.163 pp. 113324
ISSN:
0926-6690
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; canopy; cotton; defoliation; droplet size; droplets; flight; unmanned aerial vehicles;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... . The selected operational parameters in 2018 included the spray volume (three levels: 8.7, 12, and 15 L/ha), droplet size Dv50 (three levels: 100, 150, and 200 μm), and flight height (three levels: 1, 2, and 3 m). Meanwhile, the operational parameters in 2019 included the spray volume (three levels: 18, 22.5, and 30 L/ha) and droplet size Dv50 (three levels: 100, 150, and 200 μm). The main effects ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.indcrop.2021.113324

3. Spray Volume and Rate Based on the Tree Row Volume for a Sustainable Use of Copper in the Control of Citrus Canker

Author:
Franklin Behlau; Fabrício E. Lanza; Marcelo da Silva Scapin; Luis Henrique Mariano Scandelai; Geraldo José Silva Junior
Source:
Plant disease 2021 v.105 no.1 pp. 183-192
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Citrus; Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri; canopy; citrus canker; copper; field experimentation; fruits; leaf area; leaves; oranges; orchards; pesticides; trees; Brazil;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Copper is the most efficient pesticide for the control of citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri). To mitigate the environmental impacts and costs, the copper sprays in citrus orchards are being optimized based on the tree row volume (TRV). A previous investigation allowed for significant reductions of the spray volume and copper rates. Nevertheless, the results also indicated the need ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-12-19-2673-RE

4. Impact of the equilibrium relationship between deposition and wettability behavior on the high‐efficiency utilization of pesticides

Author:
Lifei He; Lei Ding; Peng Zhang; Beixing Li; Wei Mu; Feng Liu
Source:
Pest management science 2021 v.77 no.5 pp. 2485-2493
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; ammonium; cucumbers; hexaconazole; hydrophobicity; leaves; liquids; powdery mildew; surface tension; surfactants; wettability;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Often, due to the occurrence of powdery mildew, cucumber leaf surfaces is changed into a more hydrophobic surface, which affects wetting and spreading of liquid pesticides, reducing their efficiency. The wetting and deposition behavior of liquid pesticides can be improved by adding surfactants to pesticides. Added surfactants affect the spray volume of the pesticide, which can lead ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.6279

5. Canopy spray application technology in specialty crops: a slowly evolving landscape

Author:
Brent W Warneke; Heping Zhu; Jay W Pscheidt; Lloyd L Nackley
Source:
Pest management science 2021 v.77 no.5 pp. 2157-2164
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; air; canopy; farm labor; landscapes; pesticide application; pesticides; risk; specialty crops; sprayers;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... and off‐target drift of around 40% and 15% of total applied spray volume, respectively. However, precision sprayers are available that result in remarkable improvements to these parameters. The wide‐scale adoption of precision sprayers by specialty crop producers remains low. Reasons for the continued dominance of old technologies include risk averseness of farmers and regulatory bottlenecks. However ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.6167

6. Relative efficiencies of experimental and conventional foliar sprayers and assessment of optimal LWA spray volumes in trellised wine grapes

Author:
Emilio Gil; Ramón Salcedo; Agustí Soler; Paula Ortega; Jordi Llop; Javier Campos; Jordi Oliva
Source:
Pest management science 2021 v.77 no.5 pp. 2462-2476
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; canopy; foliar spraying; leaves; pest management; pesticide application equipment; plant protection; training (plants); wines;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... ⁻¹ of LWA spray volume for the earliest stage and 370 L ha⁻¹ for the other two. Three higher volume rates were used for backpack sprayers up to 800 and 1250 L ha⁻¹ for the mistblower and the hydraulic system, respectively. RESULTS: Optimal LWA spray volumes differed among application devices in terms of efficiency and uniformity of deposition on the canopy. The efficiency of each spray application also ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.6276

7. Spray mixture volume in the control of Asian soybean rust

Author:
Roxana S.M. Nascimento; Lino R. Ferreira; Laércio Zambolim; Douglas F. Parreira; Yanna K.S. da Costa; Jossimara F. Damascena; Paulo R. Cecon
Source:
Crop protection 2021 v.146 pp. 105662
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; fungi; fungicide application; leaves; plant protection; soybean rust; soybeans; spray coverage; trifloxystrobin; Brazil;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... While soybean is one of the main crops produced in Brazil, it can have severe losses of production due to the incidence of Asian rust caused by the fungus Phakopsora pachyrhizi. Fungicide application is the main method of rust control. In order to reduce application costs, there has been a trend to reduce spray volumes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of applying ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105662

8. Effect of nozzle selection on deposition of thiamethoxam in Actara® spray drift and implications for off-field risk assessment

Author:
J. Perine; J.C. Anderson; G.R. Kruger; F. Abi-Akar; J. Overmyer
Source:
Science of the total environment 2021 v.772 pp. 144808
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; active ingredients; air; environment; honey; models; risk assessment; spray deposition; spray drift; stainless steel; stubble; thiamethoxam; tractors; vegetation; Midwestern United States;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... a fallow field test site in the Midwestern USA. Single broadcast applications at a target rate of 96 g a.i./ha were made uniformly via tractor boom to a mowed stubble plot at a spray volume of 93.5 L/ha. Sampling devices (stainless steel disks, filter paper, and stainless steel rods) were located upwind of the spray swath (as negative control samples), within the spray swath (filter paper only ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144808

9. Electrostatic spraying of imazamox to control the floating aquatic plant Salvinia molesta and its effects on environmental indicators of water quality

Author:
Nathalia Garlich; Guilherme Leonardi Garcia; Ana Carolina de Oliveira; Karina Petri dos Santos; Robinson Antonio Pitelli; Marcelo da Costa Ferreira; Claudinei da Cruz
Source:
Journal of environmental science and health 2021 v.56 no.3 pp. 251-258
ISSN:
1532-4109
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Salvinia molesta; aquatic plants; biochemical oxygen demand; biomass; chemical oxygen demand; chlorophyll; electrical conductivity; imazamox; oxygen; pH; plant density; temperature; water quality;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study aimed to assess, in a microcosm condition, the efficacy of electrostatic spraying of herbicide imazamox in the control of Salvinia molesta and the effects of decomposition of plant material on water quality. The herbicide rates used were 600, 700, 800, and 900 g ai ha⁻¹ and spray volume of 50 L ha⁻¹ in electrostatic application. Control effectiveness was assessed at 7, 15, 30, 45 ...
DOI:
10.1080/03601234.2020.1858684

10. Spray volumes and frequencies of insecticide applications for suppressing Diaphorina citri populations in orchards

Author:
Marcelo Pedreira Miranda; Marcelo da Silva Scapin; Moacir Celio Vizoni; Odimar Zanuzo Zanardi; Wellington Ivo Eduardo; Haroldo Xavier Linhares Volpe
Source:
Crop protection 2021 v.140 pp. 105406
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Citrus sinensis; Diaphorina citri; Psyllidae; bifenthrin; canopy; decision making; dimethoate; greening disease; imidacloprid; mortality; oranges; plant protection; secondary transmission; spray coverage; trees; Brazil;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, is the most important and widespread vector of the Asiatic form of huanglongbing (HLB), the most serious citrus tree disease. In orchards, psyllids are commonly controlled with insecticides. The aims of this study were to assess the residual efficacy and coverage of insecticides applied at different spray volumes, the appropriate spray volumes ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cropro.2020.105406

11. Effects of Spray Volume and Application Frequency on Insecticide Efficacy Against Adult Western Flower Thrips (Frankliniella Occidentalis) under Greenhouse Conditions

Author:
Devin L. Radosevich; Raymond A. Cloyd; Nathan J. Herrick
Source:
HortScience 2020 v.55 no.10 pp. 1708-1714
ISSN:
2327-9834
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Frankliniella occidentalis; Gerbera jamesonii; chlorfenapyr; flonicamid; greenhouses; horticulture; insect pests; mechanism of action; mortality; spinosad;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... are used to suppress western flower thrips populations. However, issues associated with applying insecticides may affect the suppression of western flower thrips populations. Therefore, experiments were conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the effects of the spray volume applied and application frequency on insecticide efficacy against western flower thrips adults located in transvaal daisy ...
DOI:
10.21273/HORTSCI15316-20

12. Analysis of diesel engine injector nozzle spray characteristics fueled with residual fuel oil

Author:
C.H. Achebe; B.M.O. Ogunedo; J.L. Chukwuneke; N.B. Anosike
Source:
Heliyon 2020 v.6 no.8 pp. e04637
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; carbon; computer software; diesel engines; diesel fuel; fuel oils; temperature; viscosity;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... software to determine the spray length, spray cone angle, spray area, spray volume, and spray velocity values of the fuel. Experimental results obtained agree with validation models and reveal that spray parameter values of RFO are higher than those of diesel fuel. The values of spray parameters of RFO such as 456mm spray length, 2.85mm Sauter Mean Diameter (SMD) and the low spray cone angle of 12.69 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04637

13. Effects of Spray Parameters of Drone on the Droplet Deposition in Sugarcane Canopy

Author:
Xiao-Qiu Zhang; Xiu-Peng Song; Yong-Jian Liang; Zhen-Qiang Qin; Bao-Qing Zhang; Jin-Ju Wei; Yang-Rui Li; Jian-Ming Wu
Source:
Sugar tech 2020 v.22 no.4 pp. 583-588
ISSN:
0972-1525
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; canopy; droplets; flight; pesticide application; sprayers; sugar crops; sugarcane; sugars; wastes; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... reported. In the present study, spray experiments were conducted with orthogonal design with three factors (spray volume, flight height, and flight velocity) and three levels by quad-rotor drone. For droplet deposition density, it was found optimal when 15 L/ha of spray volume, 3 m of flight height, and 4 m/s of flight velocity were used for the upper layer. For the mid-layer and lower layers ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12355-019-00792-z

14. Carrier Volume and Nozzle Effect on 2,4-D and Glufosinate Performances in Hazelnut Sucker Control

Author:
Larissa Larocca de Souza; Marcelo L. Moretti
Source:
HortScience 2020 v.55 no.11 pp. 1848-1852
ISSN:
2327-9834
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; 2,4-D; Corylus avellana; cost effectiveness; fan nozzles; glufosinate; hazelnuts; mechanization; risk; spray drift;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.) basal sprouts, or suckers, are removed to train trees as a single trunk, facilitating mechanization. Suckers are routinely controlled with herbicides, often by using nozzles that generate fine droplets and spray volumes as high as 934 L·ha⁻¹, making spray drift a concern. Spray nozzle type and carrier volume can impact herbicide efficacy and drift. Field studies ...
DOI:
10.21273/HORTSCI15317-20

15. Survey of ground and aerial herbicide application practices in Arkansas agronomic crops

Author:
Thomas R. Butts; L. Tom Barber; Jason K. Norsworthy; Jason Davis
Source:
Weed technology 2020 v.35 no.1 pp. 1-11
ISSN:
1550-2740
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; aerial application; applicators; education; herbicide application; herbicides; spray drift; spring; surveys; weeds; Arkansas;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... and 59.9 L ha–¹ for aerial application equipment were the means of reported spray volumes for systemic and contact herbicides, respectively. Respondents indicated application optimization was a major benefit of utilizing newer application technologies, herbicide drift was a primary challenge, and research needs expressed by respondents included adjuvants, spray volume efficacy, and herbicide drift ...
DOI:
10.1017/wet.2020.81

16. Effect of spray volume, application timing and droplet size on spray distribution and control efficacy of different fungicides against circular leaf spot of persimmon caused by Plurivorosphaerella nawae

Author:
Cruz Garcerá; Antonio Vicent; Patricia Chueca
Source:
Crop protection 2020 v.130 pp. 105072
ISSN:
0261-2194
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; application timing; canopy; difenoconazole; disease control; droplet size; droplets; fungicide residues; inoculum; leaf spot; leaves; mancozeb; persimmons; pesticide application; pesticide degradation; pyraclostrobin; spray coverage; Spain;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... In recent years, Spain has been the scenario of the largest production growth of persimmon worldwide. However, circular leaf spot of persimmon, caused by Plurivorosphaerella nawae, was responsible for causing severe yield and economic losses. This work studied the effect of spray volume rate, droplet size, and application timing on spray distribution and disease control efficacy for mancozeb ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cropro.2019.105072

17. Evaluation of the Intelligent Sprayer System in Peach Production

Author:
Harriet Boatwright; Heping Zhu; Adam Clark; Guido Schnabel
Source:
Plant disease 2020 v.104 no.12 pp. 3207-3212
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; air-assisted sprayers; brown rot disease; cultivars; disease control; peaches; pests; phenology; spray coverage; spray drift; ultrasonics;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... for pest and brown rot disease control, spray volume output, spray coverage, and spray drift. A single 378-liter air-blast sprayer was used for both the conventional air-blast and the Intelligent Sprayer (iSprayer) treatments. Treatments were started at the phenological stage of bloom and continued through final swell. The iSprayer treatment was as effective in controlling pests and brown rot disease ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-04-20-0696-RE

18. Advancing Sustainability in Tree Crop Pest Management: Refining Spray Application Rate with a Laser-guided Variable-rate Sprayer in Apple Orchards

Author:
Lauren Fessler; Amy Fulcher; Dave Lockwood; Wesley Wright; Heping Zhu
Source:
HortScience 2020 v.55 no.9 pp. 1522-1530
ISSN:
2327-9834
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Citrus; Malus domestica; apples; application rate; canopy; geometry; orchards; pesticide application; plant pests; spray coverage;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... exposure to nontarget organisms, such as foraging pollinators, to come into contact with pesticide residues. Applying the lowest rate of 0.03 L·m⁻³ met deposit density efficacy levels while reducing spray volume by 83% compared with the orchard standard application of 1540 L·ha⁻¹ and by 87% compared with the 1950 L·ha⁻¹ application rate recommended when using the tree row volume method. Thus ...
DOI:
10.21273/HORTSCI15056-20

19. The relations of leaf area index with the spray quality and efficacy of cotton defoliant spraying using unmanned aerial systems (UASs)

Author:
Juan Liao; Ying Zang; Xiwen Luo; Zhiyan Zhou; Yu Zang; Pei Wang; Andrew John Hewitt
Source:
Computers and electronics in agriculture 2020 v.169 pp. 105228
ISSN:
0168-1699
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Gossypium; altitude; cotton; defoliants; defoliation; droplets; flight; leaf area index; regression analysis; spraying; unmanned aerial vehicles;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... different types of UASs with different spray volume rates (48 L·ha⁻¹, 72 L·ha⁻¹ and 96 L·ha⁻¹), flight altitudes (1.5 m, 2.0 m and 2.5 m), and flight speeds (1 m·s⁻¹, 2 m·s⁻¹ and 3 m·s⁻¹) were tested. Results showed the following: (1) There were exponential relationships between LAI and droplet deposition at volume rates of 48 L·ha⁻¹, 72 L·ha⁻¹ and 96 L·ha⁻¹. There were cubic relationships between LAI ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.compag.2020.105228

20. CitrusVol Validation for the Adjustment of Spray Volume in Treatments against Tetranychus urticae in Clementines

Author:
Alberto Fonte; Cruz Garcerá; Alejandro Tena; Patricia Chueca
Source:
Agronomy 2019 v.10 no.1 pp. -
ISSN:
2073-4395
Subject:
spray volume,   etc   ; Citrus; Tetranychus urticae; air-assisted sprayers; canopy; clementines; fruits; mites; orchards; pesticides; pests; plant damage; trees; vegetation; water footprint;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... The optimization of the water volume used to apply pesticides with airblast sprayers is key to reducing water footprint, costs, operational time and drift of pesticides. This study evaluated a new tool (CitrusVol) that adjusts the spray volume to the characteristics of the vegetation and the pesticide used to control the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae in clementine trees. This mite ...
DOI:
10.3390/agronomy10010032