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1. Life in the (Pluripotent) Fast Lane: Cdk1 Preserves the Epigenome to Maintain Pluripotency

Author:
Raaijmakers, J.A.; Medema, R.H.
Source:
Molecular cell 2020 v.78 no.3 pp. 374-375
ISSN:
1097-2765
Subject:
embryonic stem cells,   etc   ; epigenetics; mice;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Michowski and colleagues (2020) engineered analog-sensitive Cdk1 knockin mice to identify Cdk1 targets in embryonic stem cells, which led them to discover a novel function for Cdk1 in shaping the epigenetic landscape by direct regulation of epigenetic modulators. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2020.04.025

2. Protein Aggregation Triggered by Rewired Protein Homeostasis during Neuronal Differentiation

Author:
Molzahn, Cristen M.; Mayor, Thibault
Source:
Molecular cell 2020 v.78 no.2 pp. 195-196
ISSN:
1097-2765
Subject:
neural stem cells,   etc   ; homeostasis; neurons;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this issue of Molecular Cell, Vonk et al. (2020) and Thiruvalluvan et al. (2020) identify key chaperones that confer resistance to protein aggregation in neural stem cells and become reduced upon differentiation. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.molcel.2020.03.028

3. The evolutionary trajectory of root stem cells

Author:
Motte, Hans; Parizot, Boris; Fang, Tao; Beeckman, Tom
Source:
Current opinion in plant biology 2020 v.53 pp. 23-30
ISSN:
1369-5266
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; embryophytes; root meristems;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Root stem cells are crucial for the establishment of roots and are therefore a major evolutionary innovation that enabled land plants to spread on land. Despite their importance, not too much is known about the origin and the molecular players installing and maintaining them. Although still fragmentary, the recent availability of new data for early land plants can be used to identify and analyze t ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.pbi.2019.09.005

4. Auditory brainstem responses in the bat Carollia perspicillata: threshold calculation and relation to audiograms based on otoacoustic emission measurement

Author:
Wetekam, Johannes; Reissig, Christin; Hechavarria, Julio C.; Kössl, Manfred
Source:
Journal of comparative physiology 2020 v.206 no.1 pp. 95-101
ISSN:
0340-7594
Subject:
brain stem,   etc   ; Carollia; acoustics; echolocation;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... An objective method to evaluate auditory brainstem-evoked responses (ABR) based on the root-mean-square (rms) amplitude of the measured signal and bootstrapping procedures was used to determine threshold curves (see Lv et al. in Med Eng Phys 29:191–198, 2007; Linnenschmidt and Wiegrebe in Hear Res 373:85–95, 2019). The rms values and their significance for threshold determination depended strongly ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00359-019-01394-6

5. Celebrating Discoveries in Wnt Signaling: How One Man Gave Wings to an Entire Field

Author:
van Amerongen, Renée
Source:
Cell 2020 v.181 no.3 pp. 487-491
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; biomedical research; neoplasms; signal transduction;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... This year’s Gairdner Foundation Award for Biomedical Research goes to Roel Nusse for his pioneering work on the Wnt signaling pathway and its many roles in development, cancer, and stem cells. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.033

6. Skin in the Game: Stem Cells in Repair, Cancer, and Homeostasis

Author:
Horsley, Valerie
Source:
Cell 2020 v.181 no.3 pp. 492-494
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; adults; homeostasis; inflammation; neoplasms; Canada;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The 2020 Canada Gairdner International Award has been awarded to Elaine Fuchs for her discovery of the role of adult skin stem cells in homeostasis, wound repair, inflammation, and cancer. These insights have established a foundation for basic knowledge on how adult stem cells form, maintain, and repair tissues and have provided the groundwork for additional exploration and discovery of pathways i ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2020.03.019

7. Full of potential: Pluripotent stem cells for the systems biology of embryonic patterning

Author:
Heemskerk, Idse
Source:
Developmental biology 2020 v.460 no.1 pp. 86-98
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
embryonic stem cells,   etc   ; gastrulation; mammals; models;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Recently, it has become possible to recapitulate embryonic patterning in vitro using embryonic stem cells. The technical advantages and reduced complexity of these embryoids make them ideally suited to rigorously test long standing paradigms for pattern formation in the mammalian embryo. Here, we discuss insights into the underlying mechanisms that have been gained from stem cell models to date, f ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2019.05.004

8. May the (Mechanical) Force Be with AT2

Author:
Sainz de Aja, Julio; Kim, Carla F.
Source:
Cell 2020 v.180 no.1 pp. 20-22
ISSN:
0092-8674
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; fibrosis; lungs; respiratory tract diseases;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a fatal disease involving destruction of the lung alveolar structure. In this issue of Cell, Wu et al. (2020) show that impaired alveolar (AT2) stem cells produce mechanical tension that leads to spatially regulated fibrosis, initiating a new chapter in understanding what underlies the periphery to center progression of this lung disease. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cell.2019.12.020

9. Neolasioptera Spp. (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) from Stem Galls of Verbesina (Asteraceae) with the Description of a New Species

Author:
Gagné, Raymond J.; Palmer, Michael W.
Source:
Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 2019 v.121 no.3 pp. 429-438
ISSN:
0013-8797
Subject:
stem galls; stems,   etc   ; Neolasioptera; Verbesina; new species;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Two species of Cecidomyiidae (Diptera) and their galls on stems of Verbesina alternifolia (L.) Britten ex Kearney (Asteraceae) are reexamined. Neolasioptera imprimata Gagné, new species, forms a slender, slightly tapered, woody gall. Neolasioptera verbesinae Möhn forms a much more conspicuous, ovate, relatively soft gall and is redescribed. Comparative notes on the biology of the two species are p ...
DOI:
10.4289/0013-8797.121.3.429

10. Quantification of Eccentricity in Stems of Artemisia tridentata Nutt.

Author:
Evans, Lance S.; Kharran, Tiffany A.; Pena, Ismael; Kitchen, Stanley G.
Source:
Western North American naturalist 2019 v.79 no.3 pp. 441-453
ISSN:
1527-0904
Subject:
stems,   etc   ; Artemisia tridentata; xylem;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Previous research has shown that stems of Artemisia tridentata species exhibit extensive lobe formation. Twenty-two stem samples of Artemisia tridentata Nutt. ssp. wyomingensis (ARTRW) and 24 samples of A. t. ssp. tridentata (ARTRT) were investigated to quantify lobe formation characteristics. For samples of both subspecies, lobe formation values were constant for 8.3-cm-diameter stems. For the ab ...
DOI:
10.3398/064.079.0312

11. Effects of Cellular Extract on Epigenetic Reprogramming

Author:
Xiong, Xian-Rong; Lan, Dao-Liang; Li, Jian; Yin, Shi; Xiong, Yan; Zi, Xiang-Dong
Source:
Cellular reprogramming 2019 v.21 no.3 pp. 115-121
ISSN:
2152-4998
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; epigenetics; medicine;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Functional reprogramming of a differentiated cell toward pluripotent cell may have long-term applications in numerous aspects, especially in regenerative medicine. Evidences accumulating from recent studies suggest that cellular extracts from stem cells or pluripotent cells can induce epigenetic reprogramming and facilitate pluripotency in otherwise highly differentiated cell types. Epigenetic rep ...
DOI:
10.1089/cell.2018.0074

12. Addressing Reproducibility in Stem Cell and PRP Therapies

Author:
Anitua, Eduardo; Prado, Roberto
Source:
Trends in biotechnology 2019 v.37 no.4 pp. 340-344
ISSN:
0167-7799
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; protocols; therapeutics;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Stem cell and platelet-rich plasma (PRP) therapies are promising breakthroughs in the treatment of multiple conditions. However, the lack of reproducibility due to inaccurate reporting of the protocols used to obtain these biologics can hinder their therapeutic progress. A reporting guideline for biological therapies is required to address this issue. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.11.010

13. Neural-fated self-renewing cells regulated by Sox2 during secondary neurulation in chicken tail bud

Author:
Kawachi, Teruaki; Shimokita, Eisuke; Kudo, Ryo; Tadokoro, Ryosuke; Takahashi, Yoshiko
Source:
Developmental biology 2020 v.461 no.2 pp. 160-171
ISSN:
0012-1606
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; chick embryos; chickens; mesoderm; mice; tail;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... In amniotes, unlike primary neurulation in the anterior body, secondary neurulation (SN) proceeds along with axial elongation by the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition of SN precursors in the tail bud. It has been under debate whether the SN is generated by neuromesodermal common progenitor cells (NMPs) or neural restricted lineage. Our direct cell labeling and serial transplantations identify u ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ydbio.2020.02.007

14. Comparison of femoral stem subsidence between three types of press‐fit cementless total hip replacement in dogs

Author:
Mitchell, Megan M.; Hudson, Caleb C.; Beale, Brian S.
Source:
Veterinary surgery 2020 v.49 no.4 pp. 787-793
ISSN:
0161-3499
Subject:
stems,   etc   ; analysis of variance; dogs; femur; prostheses; radiography; subsidence; surgery;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... OBJECTIVE: To compare femoral stem subsidence and determine contributing factors in dogs undergoing total hip replacement (THR) with the traditional BFX, collared BFX, and BFX lateral bolt stems. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective radiographic study. SAMPLE POPULATION: Ninety‐three dogs with 101 THR including dogs undergoing THR with a BFX lateral bolt femoral stem (n = 40), BFX collared stem (n = 21), a ...
DOI:
10.1111/vsu.13391

15. Areole Changes During Bark Formation for Columnar Cactus Species

Author:
Evans, Lance S.; McDonough, Catherine A.
Source:
Haseltonia 2020 v.2019 no.26 pp. 7-13
ISSN:
1938-2898
Subject:
stems,   etc   ; Cephalocereus; Neobuxbaumia; Pachycereus; bark; cacti and succulents; Mexico;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bark coverage occurs on stems of more than twenty species of columnar cacti. This report documents characteristics of areoles and spines from central Mexico with bark coverage percentages on five columnar cactus species (Cephalocereus columna-trajani, Neobuxbaumia macrocephala, N. mezcalaensis, N. tetetzo, and Pachycereus hollianus). Older cacti (more than 4 m tall) had fewer original spines than ...
DOI:
10.2985/026.026.0102

16. Effects of PXD101 and Embryo Aggregation on the In Vitro Development of Mouse Parthenogenetic Embryos

Author:
Qiu, Xiaoyan; Xiao, Xiong; Ren, Aoru; Xiao, Min; Tian, Haoyu; Ling, Wenhui; Wang, Mingyu; Li, Yuemin; Zhao, Yongju
Source:
Cellular reprogramming 2020 v.22 no.1 pp. 14-21
ISSN:
2152-4998
Subject:
embryonic stem cells,   etc   ; blastocyst; embryogenesis; histone deacetylase; parthenogenesis;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... To improve the isolation efficiency of parthenogenetic embryonic stem cells (pESCs) in mice, it is necessary to optimize the method to increase in vitro developmental competence of mice parthenogenetic blastocysts. Therefore, this study aims to investigate an optimal method for the production of mouse parthenogenetic blastocysts and isolation of pESC colonies by comparing the effects of two method ...
DOI:
10.1089/cell.2019.0038

17. Determination of chiral cathinone in fresh samples of Catha edulis

Author:
Dhabbah, Abdulrhman M.
Source:
Forensic science international 2020 v.307 pp. 110105
ISSN:
0379-0738
Subject:
stems,   etc   ; Catha edulis; enantiomers; gas chromatography; quantitative analysis; solvents;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The main psychoactive compound in Khat is cathinone which consists of two enantiomers, S-(-)-cathinone being more stimulant than its R antipode. This study aimed to the enantioseparation and determination of these two stereoisomers in different parts of fresh Catha edulis. The samples were solvent extracted and cathinone was derivatized with menthyl chloroformate. The separation of the two diaster ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.110105

18. No head regeneration here: regeneration capacity and stem cell dynamics of Theama mediterranea (Polycladida, Platyhelminthes)

Author:
Bertemes, Philip; Grosbusch, Alexandra L.; Egger, Bernhard
Source:
Cell and tissue research 2020 v.379 no.2 pp. 301-321
ISSN:
0302-766X
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; Polycladida; Tricladida; amputation; brain; cell proliferation;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Research on the regeneration potential of flatworms (Platyhelminthes) has been mainly undertaken with planarians (Tricladida), where most species can regenerate a head and no proliferation takes place in the blastema, i.e. the early undifferentiated regenerative tissue. Only few studies are available for an early-branching group within the Platyhelminthes, the Polycladida. Head regeneration in pol ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00441-019-03094-8

19. Numerical simulation of gas–solid two-phase flow to predict the cleaning performance of rice combine harvesters

Author:
Xu, Lizhang; Li, Yang; Chai, Xiaoyu; Wang, Guimin; Liang, Zhenwei; Li, Yaoming; Li, Baijun
Source:
Biosystems engineering 2020 v.190 pp. 11-24
ISSN:
1537-5110
Subject:
stems,   etc   ; combine harvesters; fluid mechanics; mathematical models; rice;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... To predict the cleaning performance of rice combine harvesters, numerical simulations of the air-and-screen cleaning unit using coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method were used to study the gas–solid two-phase flow behaviour of the threshed mixture. The calculation methods investigated the centroid velocities of three particle classes: grains, stems and light impurities, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biosystemseng.2019.11.014

20. Signal transduction pathways regulating Drosophila ovarian germline stem cells

Author:
Zhang, Heng; Cai, Yu
Source:
Current opinion in insect science 2020 v.37 pp. 1-7
ISSN:
2214-5745
Subject:
stem cells,   etc   ; Drosophila; animal ovaries; females; germ cells; signal transduction;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Drosophila female germline stem cells (GSCs) serve as one of the best understood stem cell types. GSCs reside in a special microenvironment, the stem cell niche, and their activity is tightly regulated by niche-derived signals. In addition to the stemness-promoting signaling molecules, the niche also generates other signaling molecules that regulate GSC differentiation. Recent studies are beginnin ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cois.2019.10.002