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1. Understanding herders' stocking rate decisions in response to policy initiatives

Author:
Li, Ping; Bennett, Jeff
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2019 v.672 pp. 141-149
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; grasslands; issues and policy; loans; models; overgrazing; politics; probability; subsidies; surveys; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Overgrazing is widely accepted to be the main driver of grassland degradation. However, policies designed to reduce overgrazing are poorly understood in terms of their political acceptability and their effectiveness in improving the sustainability of grassland management. This study was conducted to explore herders' preferences across a range of policies aimed at reducing stocking rates and how th ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.407

2. Effect of Eco-compensation Schemes on Household Income Structures and Herder Satisfaction: Lessons From the Grassland Ecosystem Subsidy and Award Scheme in Inner Mongolia

Author:
Zhang, Jing; Brown, Colin; Qiao, Guanghua; Zhang, Bao
Source:
Ecological economics 2019 v.159 pp. 46-53
ISSN:
0921-8009
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; ecosystems; employment; grasslands; household income; livelihood; livestock; structural equation modeling; China;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Grassland Ecosystem Subsidy and Award Scheme (GESAS) is a key set of policy instruments designed to improve grassland condition and herder livelihoods in China. This paper uses a Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) approach to investigate the impacts of GESAS on livestock practices, herder incomes and employment, and overall herder satisfaction in Inner Mongolia. The findings reveal that more ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019.01.006

3. Effects of low salinity exposure on immunological, physiological and growth performance in Litopenaeus vannamei

Author:
Esparza‐Leal, Héctor M.; Ponce‐Palafox, Jesús T.; Cervantes‐Cervantes, Carlos M.; Valenzuela‐Quiñónez, Wenceslao; Luna‐González, Antonio; López‐Álvarez, Ely S.; Vázquez‐Montoya, Nadia; López‐Espinoza, Mariel; Gómez‐Peraza, Rosa L.
Source:
Aquaculture research 2019 v.50 no.3 pp. 944-950
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Litopenaeus vannamei; glucose; growth performance; hemocytes; immune system; pathogens; protein value; rearing; salinity; shrimp;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Growth, immunological and physiological parameters of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared at different salinity levels (1, 10, 15, 25 and 35 g/L) at stocking density of 214 shrimp/m³ were examined at 1, 30 and 63 days. Results showed that the total haemocyte count (THC) of shrimp decreased with time at all salinity levels, indicating a potential reduction in the resistance of shrimp against p ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.13969

4. Larval rearing of hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha (Hamilton 1822)

Author:
Chattopadhyay, Debnarayan; Chakraborty, Arijit; Ray, Pratyush Kumar; Mandal, Rathindranath; Banik, Surajit Kangsa; Suresh, Vettath Raghavan; Ghosh, Koushik
Source:
Aquaculture research 2019 v.50 no.3 pp. 778-785
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Brachionus calyciflorus; Chlorella vulgaris; Tenualosa ilisha; aquaculture; fish fry; larvae; phytoplankton; rearing; tanks; zooplankton;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hilsa, Tenualosa ilisha has received much attention for culture due to decline of the natural population. Lack of knowledge on larval rearing is the bottleneck for its culture. This study was aimed at developing larval rearing protocols for hilsa shad. Hilsa larvae (4 days old, 4.76 ± 0.06 mm/0.49 ± 0.01 mg) were stocked in fibreglass‐reinforced plastic tanks (1.7 m³ water volume) at 300, 600 and ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.13934

5. Effect of starvation on the survival, injury, and weight of adult snow crab, Chionoecetes opilio

Author:
Siikavuopio, Sten Ivar; Johansson, Gunhild Seljehaug; James, Philip; Lorentzen, Grete
Source:
Aquaculture research 2019 v.50 no.2 pp. 550-556
ISSN:
1355-557X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Chionoecetes opilio; adults; crabs; hepatopancreas; males; mortality; risk; seawater; social behavior; starvation; tanks; temperature;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, the effects of feeding (F) and starvation (S) on survival, injury, and weight of captive male snow crab were examined. The experiment was carried out with three replicates of each treatment. Each replicate had 11 individually tagged crabs (average weight of 650 g ± 37 SE) per tank (replicate) in a total of six circular tanks (500 L), with stocking densities of 14 kg/m. The experimen ...
DOI:
10.1111/are.13926

6. Effects of broodstock density on reproduction efficiency and survival of southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana Carena, 1820

Author:
Ceylan, Mustafa; Küçükkara, Ramazan; Akçimen, Ufuk
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.498 pp. 279-284
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Hirudo verbana; aquaculture; breeding stock; cannibalism; cocoons; mortality; peat; progeny; reproductive performance;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of broodstock density on reproduction efficiency and survival of southern medicinal leech, Hirudo verbana which is neglected in aquaculture studies. 93 gravid leeches with a weight of 5.94 ± 1.06 g were placed in 2 L pet jars having moist peat in 5 different densities (1, 2, 4, 8 and 16 leeches L−1). The highest reproductive performance was ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.016

7. Pacific white shrimp and Nile tilapia integrated in a biofloc system under different fish-stocking densities

Author:
Poli, Moisés Angel; Legarda, Esmeralda Chamorro; de Lorenzo, Marco Antônio; Martins, Mateus Aranha; do Nascimento Vieira, Felipe
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.498 pp. 83-89
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Litopenaeus vannamei; Oreochromis niloticus; biofloc technology; biomass; fish; nitrogen; phosphorus; rearing; shrimp; sludge;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different stocking densities of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, integrated with Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, reared in a biofloc system for 57 days. The performance of both species and the ecological efficiency of the system were evaluated. Four levels of tilapia stocking density were evaluated: 0, 8, 16 and 24 fish per tank (90 L usef ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.08.045

8. Optimizing return‐on‐effort for coral nursery and outplanting practices to aid restoration of the Great Barrier Reef

Author:
Suggett, David J.; Camp, Emma F.; Edmondson, John; Boström‐Einarsson, Lisa; Ramler, Vanessa; Lohr, Kathryn; Patterson, Joshua T.
Source:
Restoration ecology 2019 v.27 no.3 pp. 683-693
ISSN:
1061-2971
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; corals; cost effectiveness; databases; decision making; opal; summer; survival rate; threatened species; viability; winter; Great Barrier Reef;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Coral nursery and outplanting practices have grown in popularity worldwide for targeted restoration of degraded “high value” reef sites, and recovery of threatened taxa. Success of these practices is commonly gauged from coral propagule growth and survival, which fundamentally determines the return‐on‐effort (RRE) critical to the cost‐effectiveness and viability of restoration programs. In many ca ...
DOI:
10.1111/rec.12916

9. The effects of herbage allowance on pasture characteristics and milk production of dairy cows

Author:
de Moura Zanine, Anderson; Rebuffo, Gianni Paolo Motta; de Jesus Ferreira, Daniele; de Souza, Alexandre Lima; Ribeiro, Marinaldo Divino; Pinho, Ricardo Martins Araujo; Fajardo, Maite; Sprunk, Marcos
Source:
New Zealand journal of agricultural research 2019 v.62 no.2 pp. 200-209
ISSN:
1175-8775
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Festuca; Holstein; autumn; biomass production; botanical composition; dairy cows; forage; legumes; milk yield; pasture management; pastures; spring; summer;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study aimed to evaluate the effect of herbage allowance on forage productivity, botanical composition and milk yield of Holstein cows. The treatments comprised three conditions of pasture allowance, high (38.4 kg DM cow⁻¹ day⁻¹), medium (30.3 kg DM cow⁻¹ day⁻¹) and low (26.8 kg DM cow⁻¹ day⁻¹) forage supply during autumn, and throughout the pasture allowance conditions of high (49.8 kg DM cow ...
DOI:
10.1080/00288233.2018.1473885

10. Hair cortisol concentration in veal calves reared under two different welfare production labels

Author:
Braun, Ueli; Wiest, Amelie; Lutz, Thomas; Riond, Barbara; Stirn, Martina; Hilbe, Monika; Baumgartner, Markus R.; Binz, Tina Maria
Source:
Research in veterinary science 2019 v.123 pp. 286-292
ISSN:
0034-5288
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; adrenal cortex; animal welfare; cortex; cortisol; histology; laws and regulations; morphometry; pastures; rearing; slaughter; veal calves;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The hypothesis of this study was that veal calves reared under enhanced welfare standards undergo less stress than calves raised in a conventionally system that meets the minimal standards of the Swiss animal welfare legislation, and that this difference is reflected by differences in hair cortisol concentrations and the size, weight and total cortisol concentration of the adrenal glands. A total ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.01.027

11. Stocking density and water temperature as modulators of aggressiveness, survival and zootechnical performance in matrinxã larvae, Brycon amazonicus

Author:
de Barros, Igor Bartolomeu A.; Villacorta-Correa, Marle Angélica; Carvalho, Thaís B.
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.502 pp. 378-383
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Brycon amazonicus; aggression; animals; biomass; breeding; hatching; juveniles; larvae; larval development; meat; survival rate; water temperature;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The matrinxã (Brycon amazonicus) presents zootechnical potential for commercial production, it is considered a species of interest due to its rapid growth and high-quality meat. However, one of the difficulties this species faces in the breeding system is the reduced supply of juveniles, mainly due to aggressiveness during larviculture. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of stocki ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.070

12. Growth and photosynthesis by Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) in response to different stocking densities along Nan'ao Island coastal waters

Author:
Jiang, Heng; Zou, Dinghui; Lou, Wenyong; Chen, Weizhou; Yang, Yufeng
Source:
Aquaculture 2019 v.501 pp. 279-284
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis; bioactive compounds; bioenergy; biomass production; canopy; carbon sinks; coastal water; macroalgae; photosynthesis; thallus; weather; China;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis (Gracilariales, Rhodophyta) is an important economic seaweed in Southern China. Its use as an alternative source of bioenergy, novel source of bioactives and possible carbon sink has been investigated. The common economic driver of these applications is biomass productivity, which requires an understanding of the effects of different cultivation densities (mat density; ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.11.047

13. Determinants of farm size and stocking rate in Namibian commercial cattle farming

Author:
Engler, John-Oliver; von Wehrden, Henrik; Baumgärtner, Stefan
Source:
Land use policy 2019 v.81 pp. 232-246
ISSN:
0264-8377
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; cattle; data collection; econometrics; empirical research; environmental factors; farm management; farm size; farmers; farms; gender; models; rain; rangelands;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Utilizing a data set of 399 Namibian commercial cattle farmers, we provide a detailed empirical analysis of farm management under highly variable rainfall. Particularly, we provide an econometric analysis of what personal characteristics of the farmer, environmental characteristics, and characteristics of the farm explain farm size and choice of stocking rate, i.e. the heads of livestock per hecta ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.landusepol.2018.10.009

14. Utilization and Residual Measurements: Tools for Adaptive Rangeland Management

Source:
Rangelands 2018 v.40 no.5 pp. 146-151
ISSN:
0190-0528
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; adaptive management; protocols; range management; rangelands;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Utilization levels and residual height are tools for adaptive management, not management objectives. Utilization/residual measurements are subject to many sources of sampling, procedural and personal errors. Season of measurement has a strong influence on interpretation of results. Utilization/residual guidelines are not rigid limits to be met every year, but a tool to identify stocking rate or di ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rala.2018.07.003

15. Effects of grazing intensity on plant richness and diversity: a meta‐analysis

Author:
Herrero‐Jáuregui, Cristina; Oesterheld, Martín
Source:
Oikos 2018 v.127 no.6 pp. 757-766
ISSN:
0030-1299
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; grasslands; grazing intensity; meta-analysis; species diversity;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Most of our knowledge of the effect of grazing on grassland structure is based on grazed–ungrazed contrasts. The effects of grazing in the most common scenario, where grazing intensity varies from low to high grazing intensity, are less known. The objectives of this paper were to 1) quantify the effect of stocking rates on species richness and diversity of grasslands world‐wide, and 2) evaluate th ...
DOI:
10.1111/oik.04893

16. Optimising stocking density for the commercial cultivation of sea urchin larvae

Author:
Suckling, Coleen C.; Terrey, David; Davies, Andrew J.
Source:
Aquaculture 2018 v.488 pp. 96-104
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Paracentrotus lividus; Psammechinus; aquaculture; growth performance; larvae; rearing;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Increased pressure on wild stocks of sea urchins had led to a requirement for aquaculture based production. However, effective and efficient methodologies still remain under development. The effects of stocking density on Psammechinus miliaris and Paracentrotus lividus were investigated in order to evaluate optimum stocking densities for large scale production. Larvae were reared at stocking densi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.01.022

17. A multispecies catch-ratio estimator of relative stock depletion

Author:
Carruthers, Thomas R.
Source:
Fisheries research 2018 v.197 pp. 25-33
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; catch composition; fisheries; fisheries management; life history;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... A simple approach is described that uses the ratio of catches among a reference and a target stock to estimate their relative depletion. The catch-ratio estimator was simulation tested to identify conditions under which it can be expected to provide precise and unbiased estimates of relative depletion. The catch-ratio estimator is strongly affected by diverging catch reporting rate and catchabilit ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2017.09.017

18. Carbon stock of the various carbon pools in Gerba-Dima moist Afromontane forest, South-western Ethiopia

Author:
Dibaba, Abyot; Soromessa, Teshome; Workineh, Bikila
Source:
Carbon balance and management 2019 v.14 no.1 pp. 1
ISSN:
1750-0680
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; aboveground biomass; belowground biomass; carbon footprint; carbon sequestration; carbon sinks; climate change; databases; developed countries; forests; shrubs; soil; soil organic carbon; stakeholders; trees; woody plants; Ethiopia;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Unlike in the developed countries, Ethiopia does not have carbon inventories and databank to monitor and enhance carbon sequestration potential of different forests. Only small efforts have been made so far to assess the biomass and soil carbon sequestration at micro-level. This study was carried out to obtain sufficient information about the carbon stock potential of Gerba-Dima forest ...
DOI:
10.1186/s13021-019-0116-x

19. Transcriptome mining of apoptotic mechanisms in response to density and functional diets in Oncorhynchus mykiss and role in homeostatic regulation

Author:
Détrée, Camille; Gonçalves, Ana Teresa
Source:
Comparative biochemistry and physiology 2019 v.31 pp. 100595
ISSN:
1744-117X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; apoptosis; aquaculture; caspases; diet; endocrine system; fish; gene expression regulation; genes; homeostasis; intestines; probiotics; surveys; transcriptomics; yeasts;     Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Husbandry conditions often expose fish to several stressors, compromising organism's global homeostasis, which has consequences on aquaculture production. In order to depict intestinal homeostatic responses to deleterious conditions and the potential beneficial effects of functional diets in aquaculture fish, the effects of chronic suboptimal density condition on the neuro-immune endocrine system ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cbd.2019.100595

20. Structural characteristics of organic dairy farms in four European countries and their association with the implementation of animal health plans

Author:
Blanco-Penedo, Isabel; Sjöström, Karin; Jones, Philip; Krieger, Margret; Duval, Julie; van Soest, Felix; Sundrum, Albert; Emanuelson, Ulf
Source:
Agricultural systems 2019 v.173 pp. 244-253
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; assets; correspondence analysis; dairy farming; farm size; farmers; health status; herd health; herd size; pasture management; pastures; small farms; surveys; variance; veterinarians; France; Germany; Spain; Sweden;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of the present study was to classify the diversity of organic dairy farms in four European countries according to their structural characteristics and investigate the association of these farm types with implementation of herd health plans. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA), followed by Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC), was used to classify the farms. Data for the analysi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2019.03.008