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1. Production of bio oil from sweet lime empty fruit bunch by pyrolysis

Author:
Sukumar, V.; Manieniyan, V.; Senthilkumar, R.; Sivaprakasam, S.
Source:
Renewable energy 2020 v.146 pp. 309-315
ISSN:
0960-1481
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; biochar; biofuels; feedstocks; fruits; heat; nitrogen; pyrolysis; temperature;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this paper, the bio oil is obtained from sweet lime empty fruit bunch as feedstock using fixed bed reactor. The experimental study is to analyze the impacts of feedstock size, temperature and flow rate of nitrogen gas on the bio oil yield. The feed stock size, temperature and nitrogen gas flow rate were varied from 2 mm, 4 mm and 6 mm, 500 °C, 550 °C and 600 °C, 0.2 lit/min, 0.3 lit/min and 0 . ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.renene.2019.06.156

2. Stock-recruitment dynamics of a freshwater clupeid

Author:
Miranda, L.E.; Norris, D.M.; Starnes, V.R.; Faucheux, N.M.; Holman, T.
Source:
Fisheries research 2020 v.221 pp. 105378
ISSN:
0165-7836
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Dorosoma cepedianum; adults; freshwater; latitude; marine fish; temperature; time series analysis; winter;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The clupeid gizzard shad Dorosoma cepedianum is often the most abundant fish species in North American reservoirs, and this dominance can have cascading trophic effects on entire fish assemblages. Accordingly, a key aspect of managing reservoir fish assemblages involves controlling gizzard shad densities. We used a 33-year time series to evaluate the relative importance of parental stock density, ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.fishres.2019.105378

3. Herbage utilisation efficiency of continuously stocked pastures during periods of restricted pasture growth

Author:
Miqueloto, Tiago; de Medeiros Neto, Cauby; Martins, Clovis David Medeiros; Barbosa, Rodrigo Amorim; Da Silva, Sila Carneiro; Sbrissia, André Fischer
Source:
Acta agriculturæ Scandinavica 2020 v.70 no.3 pp. 208-214
ISSN:
1651-1913
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Urochloa humidicola; defoliation; forage; forage production; grazing; grazing management; pastures; spring; sward; tillers; tropics; Brazil;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to evaluate the defoliation patterns of individual tillers, efficiency of herbage utilisation, and forage production in continuously stocked Brachiaria humidicola cv. Comum swards during periods of the year of restricted pasture growth. The experiment was conducted at the Embrapa, Campo Grande-MS, Brazil, from April to October 2012. Treatments consisted of two grazing man ...
DOI:
10.1080/09064710.2019.1699157

4. Assessing changes of urban vegetation cover and aboveground carbon stocks using LiDAR and Landsat imagery data in Auckland, New Zealand

Author:
Wang, Vincent; Gao, Jay; Schwendenmann, Luitgard
Source:
International journal of remote sensing 2020 v.41 no.6 pp. 2140-2158
ISSN:
1366-5901
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Landsat; carbon; carbon sinks; emissions; forests; lidar; remote sensing; shrubs; tree growth; trees; urbanization; vegetation cover; New Zealand;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Urban vegetation can help to offset carbon emissions. However, urban vegetation cover is vulnerable to urbanization. This study attempts to detect the change in vegetation cover and to quantify its impact on aboveground carbon (AGC) stocks in Auckland, New Zealand, between 1989 and 2014. Field-measured vegetation parameters were used to calculate the amount of carbon stored in plants at the plot-l ...
DOI:
10.1080/01431161.2019.1685716

5. Integration of Biochar Filtration into Aquaponics: Effects on Particle Size Distribution and Turbidity Removal

Author:
Khiari, Zied; Alka, Kumari; Kelloway, Stephen; Mason, Beth; Savidov, Nick
Source:
Agricultural water management 2020 v.229 pp. 105874
ISSN:
0378-3774
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Oreochromis niloticus; aquaponics; biochar; experimental design; filters; filtration; fish; greenhouses; particle size distribution; plant growth; turbidity;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Small- and large-scale biochar-based filtrations were conducted to investigate the potential of biochar as a low-cost renewable filtration medium in aquaponics. The small-scale experimental design investigated the effects of 2 biochar media sizes (1 – 3 mm [referred to as fine biochar] and 3 – 5 mm [referred to as coarse biochar]), 3 biochar bed heights (2.5, 5.0 and 10.0 cm) and 3 loading rates ( ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agwat.2019.105874

6. Effect of drought on communal livestock farmers in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Author:
Vetter, S; Goodall, VL; Alcock, R
Source:
African journal of range & forage science 2020 v.37 no.1 pp. 93-106
ISSN:
1727-9380
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; cattle; census data; die-off; drought; farmers; forage; goats; herds; households; small-scale farming; water resources; South Africa;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Despite the size of the informal small-scale farming sector and its livestock holdings in South Africa, there has been little detailed work to assess how livestock populations are affected by drought. South Africa experienced a major drought in 2015–2016. We analysed goat and cattle census data from the Msinga area in KwaZulu-Natal, which represent the livestock of some 3 000 households. Cattle fa ...
DOI:
10.2989/10220119.2020.1738552

7. Potential of multi-species livestock farming to improve the sustainability of livestock farms: A review

Author:
Martin, Guillaume; Barth, Kerstin; Benoit, Marc; Brock, Christopher; Destruel, Marie; Dumont, Bertrand; Grillot, Myriam; Hübner, Severin; Magne, Marie-Angélina; Moerman, Marie; Mosnier, Claire; Parsons, David; Ronchi, Bruno; Schanz, Lisa; Steinmetz, Lucille; Werne, Steffen; Winckler, Christoph; Primi, Riccardo
Source:
Agricultural systems 2020 v.181 pp. 102821
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; cross infection; diet; economic sustainability; farmers; farms; grazing; humans; livestock farming; models; monogastric livestock; organization of work; ruminants; sales; stakeholders; supply chain;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Diversified farming systems are proposed as a major mechanism to address the many sustainability issues of today's agriculture. Multi-species livestock farming, i.e. keeping two or more animal species simultaneously on the same farm, is an option that has received little attention to date. Moreover, most studies of multi-species livestock farming are limited, usually focusing on selected dimension ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102821

8. Exploring the economic, social and environmental prospects for commercial natural annual grasslands by performing a sensitivity analysis on a multidisciplinary integrated model

Author:
Ibáñez, Javier; Martínez-Valderrama, Jaime; Contador, Joaquín Francisco Lavado; Fernández, Manuel Pulido
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.705 pp. 135860
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; annual grasslands; climate change; climatic factors; ecosystem services; equations; farmers; farms; flocks; forage; herds; livestock products; markets; models; prices; rangelands; socioeconomic factors; soil erosion;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper presents an integrated modelling study aimed at exploring the possible effects of drivers of change in commercial natural annual grasslands. We consider drivers as factors that affect the rangeland but are not affected by it. Thus, the stocking rate is not treated as a driver, but as an endogenous factor ultimately determined by drivers. This approach, which call for integrated multidis ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135860

9. A factor-income approach to estimating grassland protection subsidy payments to livestock herders in Inner Mongolia, China

Author:
Byrne, Anne T.; Hadrich, Joleen C.; Robinson, Brian E.; Han, Guodong
Source:
Land use policy 2020 v.91 pp. 104352
ISSN:
0264-8377
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; accounting; ecosystem services; empirical research; financial economics; goats; grassland restoration; grasslands; herding; issues and policy; land use; overgrazing; sheep; China;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper contributes to the growing literature on land use policies designed to prevent livestock overgrazing. It offers a straightforward factor-income approach to calculating payments for ecosystem services (PES) to livestock producers who reduce or suspend grazing for the purpose of grassland restoration. Our approach requires only cross-sectional farm-level accounting data and is thus feasib ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.104352

10. Temporal variation of stocking rate and primary production in the face of drought and land use change

Author:
Irisarri, J.G.N.; Oesterheld, M.
Source:
Agricultural systems 2020 v.178 pp. 102750
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; beef cattle; drought; economic factors; environmental sustainability; humans; land use change; net primary productivity; politics; rangelands; remote sensing; steers; temporal variation; Argentina;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rangeland stocking rate is subjected to opposite forces. On the one hand, it is expected to fluctuate with interannual variations of aboveground net primary production (ANPP). On the other hand, it is expected to be stabilized by human interventions aimed at keeping a constant monetary flow. The global drought experienced during the first decade of the current century decreased ANPP in many region ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102750

11. Density-dependent growth in ‘catch-and-wait’ fisheries has implications for fisheries management and Marine Protected Areas

Author:
Merder, Julian; Browne, Patricia; Freund, Jan A.; Fullbrook, Liam; Graham, Conor; Johnson, Mark P.; Wieczorek, Alina; Power, Anne Marie
Source:
Ambio 2020 v.49 no.1 pp. 107-117
ISSN:
0044-7447
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; European Union; biomass production; body size; fisheries; fisheries management; fishery resources; lobsters; males; marine protected areas; population density; resource management;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Stock enhancement activities provide an opportunity to examine density-dependent suppression of population biomass which is a fundamental issue for resource management and design of no-take-zones. We document ‘catch-and-wait’ fisheries enhancement where all but the largest lobsters are thrown back, recapturing them later after they have grown to a larger size. The residency, rate of return, and po ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13280-019-01158-1
PubMed:
30852778
PubMed Central:
PMC6889112

12. Sward height determines pasture production and animal performance in a long-term soybean-beef cattle integrated system

Author:
Kunrath, Taise Robinson; Nunes, Pedro Arthur de Albuquerque; de Souza Filho, William; Cadenazzi, Mónica; Bremm, Carolina; Martins, Amanda Posselt; Carvalho, Paulo César de Faccio
Source:
Agricultural systems 2020 v.177 pp. 102716
ISSN:
0308-521X
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Avena strigosa; Lolium multiflorum; agroecosystems; average daily gain; equations; food production; forage; grazing intensity; integrated agricultural systems; pastures; steers; sward; Brazil;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... To improve our knowledge on the effects of different grazing intensities on integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS) and thus define solid management goals to maximize plant and animal responses in these systems, we analyzed 16 years of data regarding to herbage mass, daily herbage accumulation, total herbage production, stocking rate, individual average daily gain and live weight gain per hectare ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102716

13. Establishing nationally representative benchmarks of farm-gate nitrogen and phosphorus balances and use efficiencies on Irish farms to encourage improvements

Author:
Thomas, I.A.; Buckley, C.; Kelly, E.; Dillon, E.; Lynch, J.; Moran, B.; Hennessy, T.; Murphy, P.N.C.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.720 pp. 137245
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; agricultural products; cattle; exports; farm profitability; farms; greenhouse gas emissions; issues and policy; nitrogen; nutrient balance; nutrient management; nutrient use efficiency; phosphorus; profits and margins; regression analysis; soil; soil nutrient balance; soil nutrients; surpluses; tillage; water quality; Ireland;     Show all 22 Subjects
Abstract:
... Agriculture faces considerable challenges of achieving more sustainable production that minimises nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) losses and meets international obligations for water quality and greenhouse gas emissions. This must involve reducing nutrient balance (NB) surpluses and increasing nutrient use efficiencies (NUEs), which could also improve farm profitability (a win-win). To set targets ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.137245

14. Tree breeding and silviculture: Douglas-fir volume gains with minimal wood quality loss under variable planting densities

Author:
Isaac-Renton, Miriam; Stoehr, Michael; Bealle Statland, Catherine; Woods, Jack
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2020 v.465 pp. 118094
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii; breeding programs; breeding value; genetic improvement; models; natural selection; nursery stock; plant density; planting density; progeny; silvicultural practices; stems; tree breeding; trees; wood; wood density; wood quality;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Validating performance of genetically-selected trees under realistic planting scenarios is essential for confidence in tree breeding programs. Quantifying the relative impact of genetic selection and initial planting density on tree size and quality can further guide operational forest practices. We evaluate volume gains, survival, stem quality and wood quality traits on 20-year old trees represen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118094

15. Can livestock exclusion affect understory plant community structure? An experimental study in the dry Chaco forest, Argentina

Author:
Trigo, Carolina B.; Villagra, Pablo E.; Cowper Coles, Patricio; Marás, Gustavo A.; Andrade-Díaz, María S.; Núñez-Regueiro, Mauricio M.; Derlindati, Enrique J.; Tálamo, Andrés
Source:
Forest ecology and management 2020 v.463 pp. 118014
ISSN:
0378-1127
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Bromelia; Cactaceae; Justicia; biomass; cacti and succulents; community structure; conservation practices; dominant species; dry forests; forage; forbs; forest conservation; grasses; grazing; grazing effects; hardness; herbs; livestock; plant communities; shrubs; soil; species richness; threatened species; understory; vines; Argentina;     Show all 27 Subjects
Abstract:
... Livestock grazing can be a problem for forest conservation because it can generate heterogeneous and unpredictable changes in plant communities. Understanding these changes is important for generating management strategies that are compatible with long-term conservation of threatened forests. Livestock exclusion is a useful experimental approach used to evaluate grazing effects. However, the evide ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118014

16. Plant-topsoil relationships underlying subalpine grassland patchiness

Author:
Armas-Herrera, Cecilia M.; Badía-Villas, David; Mora, Juan Luis; Gómez, Daniel
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.712 pp. 134483
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Nardus; acidification; calcium; chalk grasslands; disturbed soils; grazing; inventories; livestock husbandry; models; mountains; multivariate analysis; organic matter; pH; pastures; soil erosion; soil stabilization; species diversity; topsoil; Spain;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Approximately half of the area in the Spanish Central Pyrenees is dedicated to pastures. A decrease in stocking rate coupled with changes in livestock management in recent decades have favoured the expansion of Nardus grasslands, which are considered undesirable for grazing use and for diversity conservation. The objective of this study was to analyse how topsoil properties are related to grasslan ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134483

17. Comparison of grass and soil conditions around water points in different land use systems in semi-arid South African rangelands and implications for management and current rangeland paradigms

Author:
Siyabulela, Simanga; Tefera, Solomon; Wakindiki, Isiah; Keletso, Mopipi
Source:
Arid land research and management 2020 v.34 no.2 pp. 207-230
ISSN:
1532-4990
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; animal density; biomass; bulk density; commercial farms; conservation areas; drinking water; ecosystems; edaphic factors; grasses; land use; livestock; rain; rangelands; soil; soil compaction; soil organic carbon; soil quality; vegetation; South Africa;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Globally, the determinants of rangeland dynamics and sustainability have been debated for decades. This study sought to explain the drivers of rangeland ecosystems in semi-arid South Africa by examining the vegetation and soil conditions around animal drinking water points, and their implications for sustainable management and paradigm debates. For this purpose, we selected three land use systems ...
DOI:
10.1080/15324982.2019.1670279

18. Understanding the effects of pasture type and stocking rate on the hydrology of the Southern Great Plains

Author:
Niraula, R.; Saleh, A.; Bhattarai, N.; Bajgain, R.; Kannan, N.; Osei, E.; Gowda, P.; Neel, J.; Xiao, X.; Basara, J.
Source:
The Science of the total environment 2020 v.708 pp. 134873
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Agricultural Research Service; Bothriochloa bladhii; Schizachyrium scoparium; biomass production; carrying capacity; evapotranspiration; farms; forage; grazing; groundwater recharge; indigenous species; introduced species; models; pastures; runoff; water yield; Great Plains region; Oklahoma;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Grassland is one of the major biomes in the United States (US) and the world. In the US, the majority of grasslands are concentrated in the Great Plains and has undergone through significant interventions or management changes over the last few decades. A key economy-driven intervention in the Southern Great Plains (SGP) include the introduction of new forage species and conversion of native grass ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134873

19. Characterizing shrimp-farm production intensity in Thailand: Beyond technical indices

Author:
Elwin, Angie; Jintana, Vipak; Feola, Giuseppe
Source:
Ocean & coastal management 2020 v.185 pp. 105019
ISSN:
0964-5691
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; coastal zone management; coasts; environmental factors; farm area; farm income; farmers; farmers' attitudes; farming systems; farms; households; issues and policy; labor; market prices; production costs; risk perception; shrimp; shrimp culture; social behavior; socioeconomic factors; surveys; Thailand;     Show all 22 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study examines shrimp farmer behaviour in relation to production intensity along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Thailand, and its embeddedness in the wider socio-economic context of shrimp farming households. The integrative agent-centred (IAC) framework was used as a basis for designing a structured survey to collect semi-quantitative data for a range of explanatory variables that potentia ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2019.105019

20. Livestock Management in Red-Billed Chough Feeding Habitat in Great Britain and the Isle of Man

Author:
Jonsson, Nicholas N.; Gilbert, Gillian; MacGillivray, Fiona S.
Source:
Rangeland ecology & management 2020 v.73 no.2 pp. 216-223
ISSN:
1550-7424
Subject:
stocking rate,   etc   ; Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax; application rate; cattle; coasts; farm management; farmers; farms; grazing; grazing management; habitats; lactones; liver flukes; livestock husbandry; pastures; pyrethrins; questionnaires; range management; sheep; tick-borne diseases; ticks; triclabendazole; viability; winter; Isle of Man; Scotland; Wales;     Show all 27 Subjects
Abstract:
... In Great Britain, red-billed chough (Pyrrhocorax pyrrhocorax) breed in discrete populations along the west coast: on Islay and Colonsay, in the Inner Hebrides of Scotland; on the Isle of Man; in Wales; and in Cornwall. Chough are dependent on pastures grazed by sheep or cattle, and their survival therefore depends on sympathetic management of grassland. The Scottish population is in decline, and a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.rama.2019.10.009