An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
stomata, etc ; plant hormones; planting; receptors; uncertainty; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Phytomelatonin is an emerging new plant hormone. The identification of phytomelatonin receptor 1 (PMTR1) has been a turning point for understanding phytomelatonin functions, but many uncertainties remain. Here we highlight how PMTR1-mediated phytomelatonin signaling closes stomata, not just to avoid water loss but also to prevent bacterial invasion at night. ...
... Stomata play a central role in plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. Existing knowledge regarding the roles of stomata in plant stress is centered on abiotic stresses and plant–pathogen interactions, but how stomata influence plant–herbivore interactions remains largely unclear. Here, we summarize the functions of stomata in plant–insect interactions and highlight recent discoveries of h ...
... It has been 136 years since the description that fungal spores penetrated into a stoma, and 16 years since the concept of stomatal defense was developed. Recent advances have provided new insights into stomata–pathogen interactions. We briefly chronicle the milestone achievements and discuss new frontiers in stomata–pathogen interactions. ...
stomata, etc ; biomass; drought; drought tolerance; ecosystems; evapotranspiration; green roofs; greenhouse experimentation; leaf water potential; rain; specific leaf area; stomatal movement; stormwater management; water stress; Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... Green roofs can improve ecosystem services in cities; however, this depends on appropriate plant selection. For stormwater management, plants should have high water use to maximize retention and also survive dry periods. Plants adapted to wetter habitats develop “fast” traits for growth, whereas plants from drier habitats develop “slow” traits to conserve water use and survive drought. Therefore, ...
stomata, etc ; cell physiology; environmental factors; guard cells; ion transport; plasma membrane; transporters; vacuoles; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The coordinated control of ion transport across the two major membranes of differentiated plant cells, the plasma and the vacuolar membranes, is fundamental in cell physiology. The stomata responses to the fluctuating environmental conditions are an illustrative example. Indeed, they rely on the coordination of ion fluxes between the different cell compartments. The cytosolic environment, which is ...
stomata, etc ; DNA; Gossypium hirsutum; Lygus; calyx; cotton; cultivars; microsatellite repeats; nectar; phenotype; single nucleotide polymorphism; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) has nectar containing modified stomates called nectaries that can be located on leaves, bracts or calyces. The nectar attracts some beneficial insects such as bees, but also predatory damaging insects such as heliothines and Lygus species. There is a naturally occurring mutation that eliminates the nectar containing nectaries and makes the cotton plants less attracti ...
stomata, etc ; Anemopaegma; Bignonia; Cuspidaria; Dolichandra; Pithecoctenium crucigerum; Tanaecium; epicuticular wax; lianas; light; microstructure; scanning electron microscopy; shrubs; taxonomy; trichomes; Brazil; Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bignonieae is the largest tribe of Bignoniaceae, with 21 genera and 393 species of lianas and shrubs that are 1–3-foliolate with the terminal leaflet modified as tendrils. We examined the micromorphologies of the epidermis from the leaflet blade of 13 species of Bignonieae belonging to Amphilophium, Anemopaegma, Bignonia, Cuspidaria, Dolichandra, Fridericia, Pyrostegia, Tanaecium, and Xylophragma, ...
... Morphological and anatomical traits of the Vinca leaf were examined using microscopy techniques. Outdoor Vinca minor and V. herbacea plants and greenhouse cultivated V. major and V. major var. variegata plants had interspecific variations. All Vinca species leaves are hypostomatic. However, except for V. minor leaf, few stomata were also present on the upper epidermis. V. minor leaf had the highes ...
stomata, etc ; Chrysanthemum boreale; chromosomes; colchicine; diploidy; mutagens; shoots; tetraploidy; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chrysanthemum boreale (Asteraceae) is a wild flowering plant that has both ornamental and herbal uses. In the present study, colchicine was used as a chemical mutagen to induce polyploidy using in vitro shoots, which were cultured from C. boreale (2n = 2x = 18) nodal segments, and the efficacy of various colchicine concentrations and treatment durations were investigated. The results demonstrated ...
stomata, etc ; gas exchange; leaf development; mesophyll; water use efficiency; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The quantitative and spatial coordination of stomatal pores in the epidermis and airspaces in the underlying mesophyll tissue is vital for efficient gas exchange in the leaf. The mechanisms that determine the distribution of stomata in the epidermis have been studied extensively, but how this relates to the regulation of mesophyll airspace configuration is poorly understood. Recent studies have in ...
stomata, etc ; Aloe ferox; active ingredients; biomass; cadmium; heavy metals; knowledge; leaf morphology; lignification; lipid peroxidation; medicinal plants; pollution; roots; secondary metabolites; toxicity; traditional medicine; Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Heavy metals like cadmium (Cd) are a serious threat for living organisms due to increased global environmental pollution. Aloe ferox Mill. is a very important species of the genus Aloe, especially from a medical point of view, because it is a source of biologically active substances and it is often used in the traditional medicine. Since the knowledge about the effect of heavy metals, like Cd on g ...
stomata, etc ; Dianthus caryophyllus; bracts; calyx; cut flowers; plant cuttings; stems; surfaces; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Leaf stomata are the main channels for water loss of plants including cut flowers. In this study, we investigated the organographic distribution, morphological characteristics, light–dark response, and water loss contribution of stomata in cut carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L. ‘Master’), which are prone to typical water deficits despite a few and small leaves. Stomata were observed in the upper ...
stomata, etc ; carbon dioxide fixation; cerrado; drought; savannas; stomatal movement; variability; water; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plants continue to lose water from their leaves even after complete stomatal closure. Although this minimum conductance (gₗₑₐf‐ᵣₑₛ) has substantial impacts on strategies of water use and conservation, little is known about the potential drivers underlying the variability of this trait across species. We thus untangled the relative contribution of water leaks from the cuticle and stomata in order t ...
... Stomata regulate important physiological processes in plants and are often phenotyped by researchers in diverse fields of plant biology. Currently, there are no user‐friendly, fully automated methods to perform the task of identifying and counting stomata, and stomata density is generally estimated by manually counting stomata. We introduce StomataCounter, an automated stomata counting system usin ...
stomata, etc ; absorption; bicarbonates; carbon dioxide; chlorophyll; deterioration; drought; exhibitions; fluorescence; iron; kinetics; mesophyll; metabolites; photorespiration; photosynthetic electron transport; photosystem II; quinones; spinach; temperature; thermoluminescence; thylakoids; water stress; Show all 22 Subjects
Abstract:
... Drought induces stomata closure and lowers the CO₂ concentration in the mesophyll, limiting CO₂ assimilation and favoring photorespiration. The photosynthetic apparatus is protected under drought conditions by a number of downregulation mechanisms like photosynthetic control and activation of cyclic electron transport leading to the generation of a high proton gradient across the thylakoid membran ...
stomata, etc ; Arabidopsis thaliana; abscisic acid; degradation; gas exchange; light; mutants; mutation; phenotype; phosphorylation; photosynthesis; signal transduction; stomatal movement; transpiration; two hybrid system techniques; ubiquitin-protein ligase; water; Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plant stomata play a crucial role in leaf function, controlling water transpiration in response to environmental stresses and modulating the gas exchange necessary for photosynthesis. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) promotes stomatal closure and inhibits light‐induced stomatal opening. The Arabidopsis thaliana E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1 functions in ABA‐mediated stomatal closure. However, the u ...
... Hemidesmus indicus (L.) R. Br. ex Schult. (Indian Sarsaparilla of the family Apocynaceae) is a perennial climber used in traditional and modern medicinal systems since ages due to presence of a phytoconstituent MBAlD (2-hydroxy 4-methoxy benzaldehyde) in its roots. The morphological and light microscopic examination of the foliar appendages of the in vitro regenerated plants revealed the presence ...
stomata, etc ; Plantago maritima; circadian rhythm; coasts; fluorescence; littoral zone; stomatal conductance; tides; yttrium; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Structural and functional traits in leaves of sea plantain (Plantago maritima L.) inhabiting intertidal and supratidal zones of the White Sea coast were studied. At the intertidal, the plants were found to have smaller and thicker leaves with more frequent stomata and thinner cover tissues in comparison with the plants collected from the supratidal. Leaf fluorescence and stomatal conductance obeye ...
stomata, etc ; Clusiaceae; Hypericum; Stillingia; bark; dry season; fecundity; fruits; graminoids; insect pollination; insects; interspecific competition; intraspecific competition; marshes; open pollination; pollen loads; protogyny; seedlings; self-pollination; water stress; Florida; Show all 21 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hypericum fasciculatum and Stillingia aquatica are abundant codominant shrubs in South Florida depression ponds. Hypericum fasciculatum was studied from multiple perspectives: its competitive context, its adaptations to depression marsh seasonal extremes, and its reproductive biology. Hypericum fasciculatum showed slight intraspecific competition among mature individuals. Its seedling densities di ...
... The changing atmospheric wetness and dryness in the background of global warming is an important issue for maize cultivation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological response of maize towards vapor pressure deficits (VPDs). To understand the behaviors and the morphology of the stomata that are correlated with the plant biomass and nutrient acquisition, we conducted a pot expe ...