An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Anthocyanins confer plants beneficial qualities and play protective roles under extreme light conditions. Here, we characterized a novel UDP flavonoid 3-O-glucosyltransferase (UFGT) gene MtUGT84A1 and demonstrated its involvement in anthocyanin accumulation and feedback inhibition of JA signaling in M. truncatula. The loss-of-function mutants mtugt84a1–1 and mtugt84a1–2 exhibited emerald hypocotyl ...
structuralgenes, etc ; Ascidiacea; larvae; muscles; sequence analysis; transcription factors; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The ascidian larval tail contains muscle cells for swimming. Most of these muscle cells differentiate autonomously. The genetic program behind this autonomy has been studied extensively and the genetic cascade from maternal factors to initiation of expression of a muscle structural gene, Myl.c, has been uncovered; Myl.c expression is directed initially by transcription factor Tbx6-r.b at the 64-ce ...
... Flavonoids are a class of key polyphenolic secondary metabolites with broad functions in plants, including stress defense, growth, development and reproduction. Oryza sativa L. (rice) is a well-known model plant for monocots, with a wide range of flavonoids, but the key flavonoid biosynthesis-related genes and their molecular features in rice have not been comprehensively and systematically charac ...
structuralgenes, etc ; absorption; actin; digestion; gene expression; light microscopy; microvilli; small intestine; surface area; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Microvilli generate the small intestinal brush border, the main site of nutrient digestion and absorption. Mucosal structuring of the small intestine of chicken during the perihatch period has been widely researched, yet the developmental dynamics of microvilli during this period have not been fully characterized. In this study, we examined the structural and molecular characteristics of microvill ...
Roberto Jhonatan Olea‐Ozuna; Sebastian Poggio; EdBergström; Elva Quiroz‐Rocha; Daniela A. García‐Soriano; Diana X. Sahonero‐Canavesi; Jonathan Padilla‐Gómez; Lourdes Martínez‐Aguilar; Isabel M. López‐Lara; Jane Thomas‐Oates; Otto Geiger
structuralgenes, etc ; Caulobacter crescentus; bacteria; biosynthesis; cell differentiation; cell division; ceramides; genomics; mutants; serine C-palmitoyltransferase; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sphingolipids are essential and common membrane components in eukaryotic organisms, participating in many important cellular functions. Only a few bacteria are thought to harbour sphingolipids in their membranes, among them the well‐studied α‐proteobacterium Caulobacter crescentus, a model organism for asymmetric cell division and cellular differentiation. Here, we report that C. crescentus wild t ...
... AIMS: Increases in antimicrobial resistance have meant that the antimicrobial potential of lantibiotics is now being investigated irrespective of the nature of the producing organism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether natural nisin variants produced by non‐Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) strains, such as nisin H, nisin J and nisin P, could be expressed in a well‐characterized GR ...
... BACKGROUND: Heterotrimeric G-proteins, composed of Gα, Gβ and Gγ subunits, are important signal transmitters, mediating the cellular response to multiple stimuli in animals and plants. The Gγ subunit is an essential component of the G-protein, providing appropriate functional specificity to the heterotrimer complex and has been well studied in many species. However, the evolutionary history, expre ...
structuralgenes, etc ; abscisic acid; aminolevulinic acid; anthocyanins; biosynthesis; chlorogenic acid; color; flavonols; fluridone; fruit quality; pears; transcription (genetics); Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Peel color is an important quality trait of pears and directly affects its commercial value. Although several studies have reported that exogenous 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) induces anthocyanin biosynthesis, the mechanisms involved remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to confirm the effects of ALA on anthocyanin biosynthesis in the red pear ‘Nanhong’ and elucidate the effect of abscisic ...
structuralgenes, etc ; Bacillus thuringiensis; bacteriocins; biosynthesis; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Thurincin H is a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis with activity against a wide range of bacteria, including Gram positive and Gram negative. Disadvantages of producing thurincin H in B. thuringiensis is the low production level in the native strain probably due to the highly regulated mechanism of biosynthesis. The present study aimed to increase the synthesis of thurincin H produced ...
... Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, which causes Chikungunya fever. Three CHIKV genotypes have been identified: West African, East-Central-South African and Asian. In 2014, CHIKV was detected for the first time in Mexico, accumulating 13,569 confirmed cases in the following three years. Studies on the molecular diversification of CHIKV in Mexico focused on l ...
... The possible nitrogen sources for Osc. trichoides DG6, a typical strain of the Oscillochloridaceae family, are ammonium, N₂, glutamate, asparagine, glycine, and glutamine. The assimilation of molecular nitrogen occurs with the participation of nitrogenase, the structural gene of which, nifH, is located in the gene cluster which also includes the genes of the nifD and nifK nitrogenase subunits and ...
... Food processors are keenly interested in natural alternatives to currently used chemical preservatives. Although bacteriocins of beneficial bacteria are one of the promising alternatives, low productivity of bacteriocin producers has been limiting the application of these agents in food processing. The present study was designed to examine the possibility of inducing the production of paenibacilli ...
structuralgenes, etc ; Gossypium hirsutum; Markov chain; anthocyanins; biochemical pathways; biosynthesis; genome-wide association study; phylogeny; plant growth; sequence homology; stress response; transcription factors; Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... The MYB family, one of the largest transcription factor (TF) families, plays an important role in plant growth, development, and stress response. Although genome-wide analysis of the MYB family has been performed in many species based on sequence similarity, predicting the potential functions of the MYB genes and classifying the regulators into specific metabolic pathways remains difficult. In thi ...
structuralgenes, etc ; Actinidia arguta; anthocyanins; biosynthesis; cluster analysis; color; cultivars; cytoplasm; flowering; fruit quality; fruiting; fruits; gene expression; kiwifruit; models; phenotype; plant growth; transcription factors; Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fruit skin color is an important characteristic of fruit quality. The light-mediated regulation on fruit skin coloration in Actinidia arguta remains unclear. To better understand the role of light in fruit skin coloration, we performed bagging treatments in both on-tree and off-tree ‘Hongbaoshixing’, which is a kind of all-red-typed A. arguta cultivar. Non-bagging kiwifruits were used as control. ...
Maria K. Syrokou; Sofia Tziompra; Eleni-Efthymia Psychogiou; Sofia-Despoina Mpisti; Spiros Paramithiotis; Loulouda Bosnea; Marios Mataragas; Panagiotis N. Skandamis; Eleftherios H. Drosinos
structuralgenes, etc ; Aspergillus niger; Listeria monocytogenes; Wickerhamomyces anomalus; amino acids; exopolysaccharides; gluten; hydrolysis; lactic acid; lipolysis; phytases; plantaricins; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; proteolysis; tributyrin; wheat; yeasts; Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of the present study was to assess the technological and safety potential of 207 lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and 195 yeast strains isolated from spontaneously fermented Greek wheat sourdoughs. More accurately, the amylolytic, proteolytic, lipolytic, phytase and amino acid decarboxylase activities, along with the production of exopolysaccharides and antimicrobial compounds by the LAB and yea ...
structuralgenes, etc ; Prunus armeniaca; apricots; beta-carotene; biochemical pathways; biosynthesis; colored varieties; cultivars; fruit color; fruiting; gene expression; gene expression regulation; lipids; metabolomics; phenotype; transcriptome; transcriptomics; Show all 17 Subjects
Abstract:
... To explore the metabolic basis of carotenoid accumulation in different developmental periods of apricot fruits, targeted metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses were conducted in four developmental periods (S1–S4) in two cultivars (Prunus armeniaca cv. “Kuchebaixing” with white flesh and P. armeniaca cv. “Shushangganxing” with orange flesh) with different carotenoid contents. 14 types of carotenes ...
... Biological nitrogen fixation (BNF), performed by diazotrophic prokaryotes, is responsible for reducing dinitrogen (N₂) present in the biosphere into biologically available forms of nitrogen. Paenibacillus brasilensis PB24 is a diazotrophic Gram-positive bacterium and is considered ecologically and industrially important because it is able to produce antimicrobial substances and 2,3-butanediol. How ...
... Flavonoids are small molecular secondary metabolites, which have a variety of biological functions. Transcriptional regulations of key enzyme genes play critical roles in the flavonoid biosynthesis. In this study, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor gene, SlMYB14, was isolated from tomato and characterized. The nucleus-localized SlMYB14 functions as a transcriptional activator in yeast. The expressio ...
... Chemically defined media for yeast cultivation (CDMY) were developed to support fast growth, experimental reproducibility, and quantitative analysis of growth rates and biomass yields. In addition to mineral salts and a carbon substrate, popular CDMYs contain seven to nine B‐group vitamins, which are either enzyme cofactors or precursors for their synthesis. Despite the widespread use of CDMY in f ...
structuralgenes, etc ; DNA; anthocyanins; biosynthesis; color; cotyledons; cultivars; introns; leaves; radishes; stop codon; tap roots; transcription factors; Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... KEY MESSAGE: RsMYB1a was the crucial MYB, and RsbHLH4 is the essential partner in regulating the anthocyanin biosynthesis in radish. There are four color types of radish according to whether or not the anthocyanin accumulates in the skin and flesh of taproot. Red radishes accumulate a substantial amount of anthocyanins in both the skin and flesh. It is well known that the MYB-bHLH-WD40 transcripti ...