An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... Farm animal welfare is an increasingly important issue, leading to the need for an efficient methodology to deliver accurate benchmarking. The “Real Welfare” project developed a methodology based on regular recording of a limited number of animal-based measures, so-called welfare outcomes, which allows faster and easier on-farm assessment of finishing pig welfare. The objective of this paper is to ...
tail, etc ; Lophius litulon; eggs; ontogeny; specific gravity; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Species of the genus Lophius spawn ribbon-shaped egg masses called an “egg veil.” Egg veils are composed of numerous mucoid chambers each enveloping eggs. The subsequent larvae have been observed to remain in the chamber for a period of time after hatching from eggs in some species of Lophius. However, the period until the larvae emerge from the egg veil is unclear. Here we discuss the timing of t ...
tail, etc ; Equus asinus; dust; horses; social facilitation; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... In order to investigate and create an ethogram of the rolling behavior of mules (Equus caballus × Equus asinus) in comparison to that of horses (Equus caballus), we observed a domestic free-range, mixed group of 17 horses and 11 mules for two consecutive days (12 h/day), filming all the rolling events. From these footages, we were able to register the occurrence of specific behaviors that characte ...
tail, etc ; food chemistry; malondialdehyde; metabolites; microstructure; muscles; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The quality changes in tilapia belly muscle (BM), dorsal muscle (DM) and tail muscle (TM) were studied and the hypothesis of browning of the fillets was revealed during partial freezing. Compared with DM and TM groups, BM samples had higher thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) (0.41 mg malondialdehyde eq/kg at 49 d) and K values (61.81% at 42 d) (P < 0.05). The microstructure of the BM ...
tail, etc ; Squamata; Testudines; ecology; lizards; scoliosis; Western Australia; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Malformations of vertebrae potentially occur across many taxa, particularly in Testudines, which are susceptible to kyphosis (dorsoventral curvature of the spine). Such malformations may stem from either genetic or environmental origins, and their prevalence and associated impacts on survival remain poorly understood. However, scoliosis (sideways curvature of the spine) is rarely reported and espe ...
tail, etc ; power generation; stream flow; water power; China; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Outflow forecasting of upstream large hydropower stations is essential for dispatching of cascade hydropower system. In this study, seven outflow forecasting methods were proposed from aspects of optimizing power generation streamflow, water-energy conversion characteristics and data mining, and were applied to the actual dispatching of the Three Gorges-Gezhouba cascade hydropower system in China. ...
tail, etc ; Potos flavus; locomotion; muscles; nerve tissue; plexus; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The kinkajou (Potos flavus) is a carnivoran adapted for arboreal quadrupedal locomotion along with a prehensile tail. The thoracic limb bones and muscles of this species have been studied, but the knowledge about its nerves is still scarce. This knowledge is necessary to perform several veterinary procedures, and to review the differences among carnivoran species. Thus, the objective of this study ...
tail, etc ; agriculture; aquaculture; biomass; electronics; environmental health; head; models; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Fish biomass is one of the reliable parameters that can provide insight into fish and environmental health. Estimation of biomass in a dense and occulted environment is an inevitable and challenging task in modern aquaculture industries, which has been addressed in this work. The proposed work aims to determine the length features of fish using a deep learning-based segmental analysis technique. I ...
tail, etc ; Chromadorida; inland waters; male reproductive system; Lake Baikal; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This is a description of species Ethmolaimus gracilis sp. n., which is new for science from Lake Baikal. Morphologically, it is close to E. riparius Gagarin, Naumova, 2016 and E. pilosus Shoshin, 1998, but differs from the former in a shorter and thicker body, less slender tail, shorter cephalic setae, and longer spicules. It differs from the second species by having a thicker body, less slender t ...
tail, etc ; Diporiphora; ecology; lizards; mating behavior; zoology; Western Australia; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Communication signals underpin the social lives of animals, from species recognition to mate selection and territory defense. Animal signals are diverse in structure between and within species, with the diversity reflecting interacting factors of shared evolutionary history, constraints imposed on senders and receivers and the ecological context in which signalling takes place. The dragon lizards ...
tail, etc ; cross-sectional studies; educational status; human health; Ireland; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Legislation pertaining to canine ownership in Ireland maintains a one-health perspective by establishing a minimum standard of care for dogs while safeguarding human health and wellbeing. However, public awareness of this legislation has not been measured. The goals of this study were first, to estimate and compare the level of awareness, among dog owners and non-dog owners, that eight ...
tail, etc ; economic valuation; energy; markets; oils; risk reduction; variance; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper studies the economic value of high-frequency data in the equity-oil hedge. Specifically, we use oil to perform a minimum variance hedge for equity indices. We find that intraday information helps generate more accurate hedge ratio forecasts and achieve more effective variance reduction. However, it does not always lead to larger tail risk reduction or utility gains, as the minimum varia ...
Kim J. Blomqvist; Moritz O.B. Skogster; Mika J. Kurkela; Marko P. Rosenholm; Fredrik H.G. Ahlström; Mikko T. Airavaara; Janne T. Backman; Pekka V. Rauhala; Eija A. Kalso; Tuomas O. Lilius
tail; tail flick test, etc ; analgesic effect; blood serum; blood-brain barrier; cerebrospinal fluid; hippocampus; intraperitoneal injection; intravenous injection; liquid chromatography; microdialysis; morphine; spinal cord; tandem mass spectrometry; Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... The blood-brain barrier significantly limits effective drug delivery to central nervous system (CNS) targets. The recently characterized glymphatic system offers a perivascular highway for intrathecally (i.t.) administered drugs to reach deep brain structures. Although periarterial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) influx and concomitant brain drug delivery can be enhanced by pharmacological or hyperosmot ...
tail, etc ; acepromazine; blood pressure; heart; hypertension; hypotension; metacarpus; phenylephrine; standard deviation; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... To compare arterial blood pressure (ABP) measured invasively (IBP) to ABP measured non-invasively (NIBP) via oscillometry in healthy anaesthetised and standing horses using the Bionet BM7Vet. Fourteen horses were anaesthetised for elective procedures (anaesthetised group) and 10 horses were enrolled for standing blood pressure manipulation (standing group). In both groups, IBP and NIBP-corrected t ...
tail, etc ; anesthesia; blood; cats; cerebrospinal fluid; medicine; retrospective studies; sensation; surgery; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence of dural puncture, indicated by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) outflow, in cats receiving neuraxial anesthesia through a lumbosacral injection guided by a pop sensation method. This was an observational, retrospective study. Cats that were scheduled for lumbosacral neuraxial anesthesia were included. Medical records were analyzed to investigate: (1) ...
tail, etc ; adults; agonistic behavior; farms; juveniles; locomotion; posture; probability; welfare assessment; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The tail of pigs has been suggested as a welfare indicator as it can provide insight into a pig’s behavioural and emotional states. Tail posture and motion have so far mainly been studied in the context of tail biting behaviour. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between pigs’ natural behaviour and their tail posture and tail motion. This was studied in a free-range farm in ...
tail, etc ; Galliformes; birds; courtship; females; head; males; phylogeny; research; sexual selection; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Species in Galliformes have elaborate ritual courtship displays, often including strutting, fluffing of tail or head feathers, and vocal sounds that serve as excellent examples of sexual selection. According to the male orientation to the female while either posturing or moving, these courtship displays of gallinaceous species can be classified into three categories: 1) ‘frontal displays’, 2) ‘lat ...
tail, etc ; brain; ceramides; chelating agents; diet; females; myelin sheath; neurodegenerative diseases; sclerosis; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Changes in sphingolipid metabolism regulate and/or alter many cellular functions in the brain. Ceramide, a central molecule of sphingolipid metabolism, is phosphorylated to ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P) by ceramide kinase (CerK). CerK and C1P were reported to regulate many cellular responses, but their roles in immune-related diseases in vivo have not been well elucidated. Thus, we investigated the e ...
tail, etc ; aggression; aviaries; breasts; environmental enrichment; fearfulness; flocks; gravel; head; oysters; Norway; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Management strategies can have positive effects on laying hen welfare, including prevention of damaging behavior, aggression, and fear, particularly by using environmental enrichment (EE). However, few studies have investigated the effects of the provision of EE in commercial aviary flocks. This knowledge gap is particularly significant considering the increasing numbers of non-beak trimmed hens w ...
tail; tail biting, etc ; animal behavior; ears; locomotion; piglets; swine production; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Tail biting in pigs is a damaging behaviour and remains an economic and welfare problem in modern pig production. Although tail biting has been extensively investigated, little is known about the behaviour in piglets. The aim of this study was to investigate pig-directed and general behaviour and physical characteristics of suckling piglets in regard to tail-biting behaviour.Behavioural data from ...