An official website of the United States government
Here’s how you know
Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.
Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock (
) or https:// means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.
... In biomedical practices, multiple biomarkers are often combined using a prespecified classification rule with tree structure for diagnostic decisions. The classification structure and cutoff point at each node of a tree are usually chosen on an ad hoc basis, depending on decision makers' experience. There is a lack of analytical approaches that lead to optimal prediction performance, and that guid ...
... The tree sway frequency is an important part of the dynamic properties of trees. In order to obtain trees sway frequency in wind, a method of tracking and measuring the sway frequency of leafless deciduous trees by adaptive tracking window based on MOSSE was proposed. Firstly, an adaptive tracking window is constructed for the observed target. Secondly, the tracking method based on Minimum Output ...
... Flow past a single-line arrangement of evenly-spaced row trees, in an open territory, was numerically simulated under the action of a boundary-layer type of oncoming flow, with a strength of “strong breeze”, based on the Beaufort scale. By selecting Koelreuteria henryi as the demonstrated tree species, the spatial wind speed variations behind row trees at the pedestrian level, at various tree heig ...
trees, etc ; biodiversity; biotechnology; domestication; Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The linkage in new and creative ways of existing plant breeding methods responsive to different global trends and values provides a ‘systems approach’ to address a broad set of global production challenges more effectively. Here, we illustrate such an approach through its application to trees, chosen because of their extensive diversity in features, uses, users, production contexts, and domesticat ...
... A microstand is a small forest area with a homogeneous tree species, height, and density composition. High-spatial-resolution GeoEye-1 multispectral (MS) images and GeoEye-1-based canopy height models (CHMs) allow delineating microstands automatically. This paper studied the potential benefits of two microstand segmentation workflows: (1) our modification of JSEG and (2) generic region merging (GR ...
trees, etc ; alcohols; electrocardiography; models; wavelet; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The effect of coffee (caffeinated) on electro-cardiac activity is not yet sufficiently researched. In the current study, the occurrence of coffee-induced short-term changes in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals was examined. Further, a machine learning model that can efficiently detect coffee-induced alterations in cardiac activity is proposed. The ECG signals were decomposed using three different jo ...
... Long-term machine-derived data sets comprising 140,000 trees were collected from four harvesters of equal age and similar working conditions, into two machine size classes, viz. two Ponsse Bears and two smaller Ponsse Beavers. Productivity functions for each size class were modelled using a nonlinear mixed effects approach. Based on these functions, unit costs and their sensitivity to utilization ...
trees, etc ; seed dispersal; Southeastern United States; Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Successful colonization and growth of trees within herbaceous communities may result from different interactions with the herbaceous community. First, colonizing trees compete against larger, established herbs, while subsequent growth occurs among similarly sized or smaller herbs. This shift from colonization to growth may lead three drivers of community dynamics—nutrients, consumers, and herbaceo ...
trees, etc ; Borneo; Dytiscidae; indigenous species; microhabitats; rivers; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The diving beetle Borneodessus zetteli kalimantanensis Balke, Hendrich, Mazzoldi & Biström, 2002, an endemic species of Borneo, is recorded for the first time from Sarawak. The specimen was collected from submerged rootlets of a large shore tree from the Pa’ Ngaruren River (Kelabit Highland, Sarawak) with Neptosternus kodadai Hendrich & Balke, 1997 and N. quadrimaculatus Hendrich & Balke, 1997. Tw ...
trees, etc ; forests; growth models; research; tree growth; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... In this study, a new method was developed to derive a tree survival and diameter growth model from any existing stand-level model, without the need for individual-tree growth data. Predictions from the derived tree model are constrained to match the number of trees and the basal area per hectare as outputted by the stand model. The tree models derived from three different stand models were evaluat ...
trees, etc ; Ilex; Tillandsia; diet; forests; ornithology; Mexico; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Aztec Thrush (Ridgwayia pinicola) is an understudied species. Many aspects of its basic biology are unknown, including its food and foraging preferences. Here, we describe observations of Aztec Thrush consuming fruits of the tree Ilex brandegeeana and flowers of the bromeliad Tillandsia bourgaei in the pine-oak forest of the highlands of Jalisco in western Mexico. These observations provide in ...
forest trees, etc ; discriminant analysis; model validation; models; photogrammetry; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of three standardization approaches for airborne laser scanning (ALS) feature values used for individual tree species classification. This study is the first effort to assess the transferability of forest tree species classification models derived using monospectral and multispectral ALS data. Three research questions were asked; (1) Ho ...
trees, etc ; Cydalima perspectalis; pests; pheromone traps; pheromones; Iran; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The box tree moth, Cydalima perspectalis, is the most important pest of the box tree in the world. The use of pheromone is expected to reduce use of chemical pesticides in C. perspectalis. In this study, the efficiency of three different types of traps including funnel, wing and delta traps at two installation heights (2 and 4 m above the ground) and also dynamic activity of C. perspectalis at dif ...
trees, etc ; DNA barcoding; forests; phylogeny; species richness; China; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Studying community assembly has always been a central issue in ecological research and is necessary for understanding mechanisms of species coexistence and biodiversity. Environmental heterogeneity is a driver of biodiversity, but much remains to be learned about how evolutionary processes are affected by environmental factors. We aimed to clarify the evolutionary processes in different vegetation ...
trees, etc ; computer vision; data collection; green infrastructure; topography; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since trees are a vital part of urban green infrastructure, automatic mapping of individual urban trees is becoming increasingly important for city management and planning. Although deep-learning-based object detection networks are the state-of-the-art in computer vision, their adaptation to individual tree detection in urban areas has scarcely been studied. Some existing works have employed 2D ob ...
trees, etc ; climate; climate change; coasts; coconuts; temperature; India; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Climate change and climate variability are projected to alter the geographic suitability of lands for crop cultivation. Early awareness of the future climate of the current cultivation areas for a perennial tree crop like coconut is needed for its adaptation and sustainable cultivation in vulnerable areas. We analyzed coconut’s vulnerability to climate change in India, based on climate projections ...
trees, etc ; Sterculia; cost effectiveness; habitats; world markets; India; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper presents a comprehensive review of commercially important exudate gum from the karaya tree (Sterculia species). This gum is naturally available, non- hazardous, cost effective and renewable with unique properties, which make it an ideal choice over other natural or synthetic counterparts for a variety of applications in food, pharmaceutical and alike industries. Owing to a huge demand a ...
trees, etc ; algorithms; data collection; landscapes; lidar; tree crown; vegetation; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This paper suggests a new algorithm for automatic building point cloud filtering based on the Z coordinate histogram. This operation aims to select the roof class points from the building point cloud, and the suggested algorithm considers the general case where high trees are associated with the building roof. The Z coordinate histogram is analyzed in order to divide the building point cloud into ...
trees, etc ; agriculture; algorithms; electronics; geometry; root systems; soil; topology; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Ground penetrating radar (GPR) is widely used in root detection because of its advantages of nondestructive and periodic detection. Previously, root point positioning and root diameter estimation based on GPR have been proved to be effective, but there is still little research on automatic reconstruction of root system architecture (RSA) based on GPR. Good RSA reconstruction can effectively reflec ...
trees, etc ; Tachycineta bicolor; leaves; nests; ornithology; plasticity; shrubs; woodpeckers; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plasticity in bird nest placement is relatively understudied compared to many other aspects of breeding biology. We describe an unusual nest of a Bushtit (Psaltriparus minimus) that was placed inside an old woodpecker cavity instead of being attached to the foliage of a tree or shrub. A pair of Bushtits successfully fledged one brood inside this cavity and then immediately constructed a second nes ...