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1. Physical ‘strength’ of the multi‐protein chain connecting immune cells: Does the weakest link limit antibody affinity maturation?: The weakest link in the multi‐protein chain facilitating antigen acquisition by B cells in germinal centres limits antibody affinity maturation.

Author:
Desikan, Rajat; Antia, Rustom; Dixit, Narendra M.
Source:
BioEssays 2021 v.43 no.4 pp. e2000159
ISSN:
0265-9247
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; antibody affinity; antigens;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... The affinities of antibodies (Abs) for their target antigens (Ags) gradually increase in vivo following an infection or vaccination, but reach saturation at values well below those realisable in vitro. This ‘affinity ceiling’ could in many cases restrict our ability to fight infections and compromise vaccines. What determines the affinity ceiling has been an unresolved question for decades. Here, ...
DOI:
10.1002/bies.202000159

2. Revaccination outcomes of children with vaccine proximate seizures

Author:
Deng, Lucy; Danchin, Margie; Lewis, Georgina; Cheung, Abigail; Campbell, Anita J.; Wadia, Ushma; Ewe, Krist; Wood, Nicholas
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.11 pp. 1565-1571
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; epilepsy; risk; vaccines;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Seizures, whether febrile or afebrile, occurring within 14 days following vaccination can be considered as vaccine proximate seizures (VPSs). While the attributable risk and clinical severity of first febrile VPS is well known, the risk and clinical outcomes of VPS recurrence is less well defined.We conducted a retrospective review of revaccination management and outcomes in children who experienc ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.016

3. Advancing innovation for vaccine manufacturers from developing countries: Prioritization, barriers, opportunities

Author:
Hayman, Benoit; Bowles, Alex; Evans, Beth; Eyermann, Elizabeth; Nepomnyashchiy, Lyudmila; Pagliusi, Sonia
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.8 pp. 1190-1194
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; prioritization; surveys; vaccines;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Development of novel vaccines and improving existing vaccines is critical to addressing areas of unmet or under-addressed health needs globally and to improving existing vaccination coverage and equity. However, vaccine innovation is costly and highly complex. To understand how vaccine manufacturers from developing countries approach innovation, a survey was conducted among company members of the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.085

4. Hepatitis B birth dose vaccination patterns in the Military Health System, 2014–2018

Author:
Deerin, Jessica Fung; Clifton, Rebecca; Elmi, Angelo; Lewis, Paul E; Kuo, Irene
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.15 pp. 2094-2102
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; hepatitis B; terminology; vaccines;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Since 2005, the universal hepatitis B (HepB) birth dose has been recommended for all medically stable infants weighing ≥2,000 g at birth. The timing of the birth dose provides a critical safeguard and prevents infection among infants born to HBsAg-positive mothers not identified prenatally. We assess infant HepB vaccination in the U.S. Department of Defense’s Military Health System (MHS) to identi ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.010

5. Long-Term Immunocastration Protocols Successfully Reduce Testicles’ Size in Bísaro Pigs

Author:
Paixão, Gustavo; Fontela, Sofia Botelho; Marques, Jorge; Esteves, Alexandra; Charneca, Rui; Payan-Carreira, Rita
Source:
Animals 2021 v.11 no.3
ISSN:
2076-2615
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; immunocastration; males; morphometry; slaughter;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... This study aimed to find a suitable immunocastration protocol for male Bísaro pigs (BP) due to the breed and production system particularities. Twenty-five male BP were treated with Improvac® according to three protocols: using two (GrpE2 and L2) or three vaccinations (GrpL3) and starting at 9 (GrpE2) or 13 weeks old (GrpL2 and L3). Eleven animals were kept as intact males (GrpC). Scrotal measurem ...
DOI:
10.3390/ani11030632

6. Human Papillomavirus and Cellular Pathways: Hits and Targets

Author:
Medda, Alessandro; Duca, Daria; Chiocca, Susanna
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.3
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; Papillomaviridae; biomarkers; carcinogenesis; humans;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the causative agent of different kinds of tumors, including cervical cancers, non-melanoma skin cancers, anogenital cancers, and head and neck cancers. Despite the vaccination campaigns implemented over the last decades, we are far from eradicating HPV-driven malignancies. Moreover, the lack of targeted therapies to tackle HPV-related tumors exacerbates this probl ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10030262

7. Social amplification of risk and “probable vaccine damage”: A typology of vaccination beliefs in 28 European countries

Author:
Vulpe, Simona - Nicoleta; Rughiniş, Cosima
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.10 pp. 1508-1515
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; immune system; risk perception; surveys; vaccines;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Despite lacking scientific support, vaccine hesitancy is widespread. While serious vaccine damage as a scientific fact is real yet statistically highly uncommon, emerging social and technological forces have amplified perceptions of risk for “probable vaccine damage”, making it a widely shared intersubjective reality.Using the Eurobarometer 91.2 survey on a statistically representative EU27-UK sam ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.063

8. Zero-dose children and the immunisation cascade: Understanding immunisation pathways in low and middle-income countries

Author:
Cata-Preta, Bianca O.; Santos, Thiago M.; Mengistu, Tewodaj; Hogan, Daniel R.; Barros, Aluisio J.D.; Victora, Cesar G.
Source:
Vaccine 2021
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; assets; children; household income; infancy; vaccines;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Zero-dose prevalence refers to children who failed to receive any routine vaccination. Little is known about the “immunisation cascade” in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), defined as how children move from zero dose to full immunisation.Using data from national surveys carried out in 92 LMICs since 2010 and focusing on the four basic vaccines delivered in infancy (BCG, polio, DPT and MCV) ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.072

9. Short term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on incidence of vaccine preventable diseases and participation in routine infant vaccinations in the Netherlands in the period March-September 2020

Author:
Middeldorp, Marit; van Lier, Alies; van der Maas, Nicoline; Veldhuijzen, Irene; Freudenburg, Wieke; van Sorge, Nina M.; Sanders, Elisabeth A.M.; Knol, Mirjam J.; de Melker, Hester E.
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.7 pp. 1039-1043
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; COVID-19 infection; pandemic; vaccines; Netherlands;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... We aimed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases (VPDs) and participation in the routine infant vaccination programme in the Netherlands. The incidence of various VPDs initially decreased by 75–97% after the implementation of the Dutch COVID-19 response measures. The participation in the first measles-mumps-rubella vaccination among children s ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.12.080

10. Effect of provider recommendation style on the length of adolescent vaccine discussions

Author:
Fenton, Anny T.H.R.; Orefice, Chelsea; Eun, Terresa J.; Biancarelli, Dea; Hanchate, Amresh; Drainoni, Mari-Lynn; Perkins, Rebecca B.
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.6 pp. 1018-1023
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; adolescents; children; demographic statistics; patients; vaccines;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... To determine whether providers’ vaccine recommendation style affects length of the adolescent vaccine discussions.We analyzed vaccine discussions using audio-recordings of clinical encounters where adolescents were eligible for HPV vaccines ± meningococcal vaccines. We measured length of vaccine discussions, the provider’s use of an “indicated” (vaccination due at visit) or “elective” (vaccination ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.11.015

11. Determinants of Bacille Calmette-Guérin scarification in Danish children

Author:
Jensen, Trine Mølbæk; Jensen, Signe Kjeldgaard; Birk, Nina Marie; Rieckmann, Andreas; Hoffmann, Thomas; Benn, Christine Stabell; Jeppesen, Dorthe Lisbeth; Pryds, Ole; Nissen, Thomas Nørrelykke
Source:
Heliyon 2021 v.7 no.1 pp. e05757
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; child health; clinical examination; hospitals; vaccines;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... Studies in low-income countries have shown that among Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccinated children, those who develop a BCG-scar have significantly better survival than those who do not develop a scar. In a Danish multicenter randomized clinical trial we assessed determinants for developing a BCG-scar and for BCG scar size following neonatal BCG vaccination.At three Danish hospitals, newborns ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05757

12. Can what have we learnt about BCG vaccination in the last 20 years help us to design a better tuberculosis vaccine?

Author:
Dockrell, Hazel M.; Butkeviciute, Egle
Source:
Vaccine 2021
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; BCG vaccine; immunogenicity; live vaccines; tuberculosis;     Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... The BCG vaccine will, in 2021, have been in use for 100 years. Much remains to be understood, including the reasons for its variable efficacy against pulmonary tuberculosis in adults. This review will discuss what has been learnt about the BCG vaccine in the last two decades, and whether this new information can be exploited to improve its efficacy, by enhancing its ability to induce either antige ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.068

13. The science of vaccine safety: Summary of meeting at Wellcome Trust

Author:
Plotkin, Stanley A.; Offit, Paul A.; DeStefano, Frank; Larson, Heidi J.; Arora, Narendra Kumar; Zuber, Patrick L.F.; Fombonne, Eric; Sejvar, James; Lambert, Paul Henri; Hviid, Anders; Halsey, Neal; Garçon, Nathalie; Peden, Keith; Pollard, Andrew J.; Markowitz, Lauri E.; Glanz, Jason
Source:
Vaccine 2020 v.38 no.8 pp. 1869-1880
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; Papillomaviridae; experts; vaccines;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vaccines are everywhere hugely successful but are also under attack. The reason for the latter is the perception by some people that vaccines are unsafe. However that may be, vaccine safety, life any other scientific subject, must be constantly studied. It was from this point of view that a meeting was organized at the Wellcome Trust in London in May 2019 to assess some aspects of vaccine safety a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.024

14. Correlation of protection against varicella in a randomized Phase III varicella-containing vaccine efficacy trial in healthy infants

Author:
Habib, Md Ahsan; Prymula, Roman; Carryn, Stephane; Esposito, Susanna; Henry, Ouzama; Ravault, Stéphanie; Usonis, Vytautas; Wysocki, Jacek; Gillard, Paul; Povey, Michael
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.25 pp. 3445-3454
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; antibodies; chickenpox; humoral immunity; immunogenicity; probability; seroprevalence; vaccines;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Varicella vaccination confers high and long-lasting protection against chickenpox and induces robust immune responses, but an absolute correlate of protection (CoP) against varicella has not been established. This study models the relationship between varicella humoral response and protection against varicella.This was a post-hoc analysis of data from a Phase IIIb, multicenter, randomized trial (N ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.02.074

15. Immunogenicity and safety of a nine-valent human papillomavirus vaccine in women 27–45 years of age compared to women 16–26 years of age: An open-label phase 3 study

Author:
Joura, Elmar A.; Ulied, Angels; Vandermeulen, Corinne; Rua Figueroa, Milagrosa; Seppä, Ilkka; Hernandez Aguado, Juan José; Ahonen, Anitta; Reich, Olaf; Virta, Miia; Perino, Antonino; Peris Tuser, Merce; Peters, Klaus; Origoni, Massimo; Raspagliesi, Francesco; Tjalma, Wiebren A.A.; Tummers, Philippe; Woelber, Linn; Nieminen, Pekka; van Damme, Pierre; Sehouli, Jalid; Fiol Ruiz, Gabriel; Brucker, Sara; Fehm, Tanja; Cheon, Kyeongmi; Rawat, Sonali; Luxembourg, Alain; Wittke, Frederick
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.20 pp. 2800-2809
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; Papillomaviridae; confidence interval; humans; immunogenicity; injection site; seroconversion; vaccines;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Efficacy of the nine-valent human papillomavirus (9vHPV; HPV types 6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58) vaccine was demonstrated in a phase 3 study in women 16–26 years of age. We present a phase 3 immunogenicity and safety study of the 9vHPV vaccine in women 27–45 versus 16–26 years of age.This international, open-label study (NCT03158220) was conducted in women 16–45 years of age. Participants (16–26 year ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.074

16. Long-term persistent immunogenicity after successful standard and triple-dosed hepatitis B vaccine in hemodialysis patients: A 3-year follow-up study in China

Author:
Yao, Tian; Shao, Zhihong; Wu, Lina; Dong, Shuang; Gao, Linying; Wu, Yuanting; Shi, Xiaohong; Shi, Jing; Liu, Guangming; Wang, Jianmin; Zhao, Huilin; Guo, Hongping; Liu, Hongting; Wu, Xiaofeng; Liu, Liming; Song, Xiaohui; Zhu, Jiangtao; Zhang, Yawei; Feng, Yongliang; Liang, Xiaofeng; Wang, Suping
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.18 pp. 2537-2544
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; antibodies; durability; hemodialysis; hepatitis B; immunogenicity; vaccines; China;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Although the efficacy of hepatitis B vaccines among hemodialysis patients has been documented, the long-term persistence of immunogenicity in this population remains largely unknown. We explored the long-term persistence of immunogenicity induced by different hepatitis B vaccine regimens in hemodialysis patients.In initial study, we conducted a randomized, multicenter, double-blind, parallel-contr ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.074

17. Modeling and presentation of vaccination coverage estimates using data from household surveys

Author:
Dong, Tracy Qi; Wakefield, Jon
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.18 pp. 2584-2594
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; Bayesian theory; geostatistics; health surveys; measles; uncertainty; vaccines; Nigeria;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... It is becoming increasingly popular to produce high-resolution maps of vaccination coverage by fitting Bayesian geostatistical models to data from household surveys. Usually, the surveys adopt a stratified cluster sampling design. We discuss a number of crucial choices with respect to two key aspects of the map production process: the acknowledgement of the survey design in modeling, and the appro ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.007

18. Influenza vaccination among caregivers and household contacts of children with asthma

Author:
Gkentzi, Despoina; Aggelopoulos, Konstantinos; Karatza, Ageliki; Sinopidis, Xenophon; Dimitriou, Gabriel; Fouzas, Sotirios
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.17 pp. 2331-2334
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
influenza vaccination,   etc   ; asthma; caregivers; factor analysis; influenza vaccines; questionnaires; surveys;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Data on influenza vaccination status among household contacts of asthmatic children are lacking. Our aim was to assess the influenza vaccination status of parents and caregivers of asthmatic children in the 2018–2019 season as well as to identify reasons for undervaccination. We performed a questionnaire-based survey in parents, caregivers and household contacts of 178 asthmatic children. Only the ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.042

19. From national HBV and HDV screenings to vaccination and treatment in healthcare workers: The Mauritanian pilot study

Author:
El Bara, Ahmed; Pivert, Adeline; Veillon, Pascal; Ng Wing Sang, Cindy; Bollahi, Mohamed; Abdel, Kader; Ducancelle, Alexandra; Le Guillou-Guillemette, Hélène; Lunel-Fabiani, Françoise
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.16 pp. 2274-2279
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; DNA; RNA; health services; hepatitis B; vaccines; Mauritania;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Hepatitis B and D infections are highly endemic in Mauritania, with prevalences ranging from 10 to 20%. With the present prospective transversal pilot study, we aimed to evaluate the prevalences of HBV, HCV, and HDV infections in healthcare workers (HCWs), and offer treatment or vaccination as required.At inclusion, each HCW was screened for anti-HBc Ab (followed by HBsAg assay when positive). Add ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.03.011

20. Systematic literature review of neutralizing antibody immune responses to non-vaccine targeted high-risk HPV types induced by the bivalent and the quadrivalent vaccines

Author:
Stanley, Margaret; Joura, Elmar; Yen, Glorian P.; Kothari, Smita; Luxembourg, Alain; Saah, Alfred; Walia, Anuj; Perez, Gonzalo; Khoury, Hanane; Badgley, Danielle; Brown, Darron R.
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.16 pp. 2214-2223
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
vaccination,   etc   ; cross immunity; durability; immune response; seroconversion; seroprevalence; vaccines;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Studies on the cross-protective effect of HPV bivalent and quadrivalent vaccines demonstrated inconsistent findings against additional HPV types covered by the nonavalent vaccine. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic literature review to assess the consistency and durability of the cross-protective neutralizing antibody immune responses of the currently licensed bivalent and qua ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.01.060