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1. Immune response and protective efficacy of the S particle presented rotavirus VP8* vaccine in mice

Author:
Xia, Ming; Huang, Pengwei; Jiang, Xi; Tan, Ming
Source:
Vaccine 2019 v.37 no.30 pp. 4103-4110
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Norovirus; Rotavirus; antigens; children; diarrhea; financial economics; immune response; immunization; immunoglobulin G; mice; models; morbidity; mortality; nanoparticles; vaccines;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rotaviruses cause severe diarrhea in infants and young children, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. Despite implementation of current rotavirus vaccines, severe diarrhea caused by rotaviruses still claims ∼200,000 lives of children with great economic loss worldwide each year. Thus, new prevention strategies with high efficacy are highly demanded. Recently, we have developed a polyval ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.075

2. The Pathogenesis of H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viruses in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis)

Author:
Stephens, Christopher B.; Prosser, Diann J.; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary J.; Berlin, Alicia M.; Spackman, Erica
Source:
Avian diseases 2019 v.63 no.sp1 pp. 230-234
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Aythya affinis; Influenza A virus; body temperature; chickens; cloaca; ducks; eggs; hosts; mortality; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; poultry diseases; virulent strains; viruses; waterfowl; wild birds; United States;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Waterfowl are the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (AIV), and through migration spread the virus worldwide. Most AIVs carried by wild waterfowl are low pathogenic strains; however, Goose/Guangdong/1996 lineage clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic (HP) AIV now appears to be endemic in wild birds in much of the Eastern Hemisphere. Most research efforts studying AIV pathogenicity in waterfowl thu ...
DOI:
10.1637/11909-060118-ResNote.1

3. Virulent Newcastle disease viruses from chicken origin are more pathogenic and transmissible to chickens than viruses normally maintained in wild birds

Author:
Ferreira, Helena L.; Taylor, Tonya L.; Dimitrov, Kiril M.; Sabra, Mahmoud; Afonso, Claudio L.; Suarez, David L.
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2019 v.235 pp. 25-34
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Newcastle disease; Newcastle disease virus; chickens; genotype; hosts; mortality; seroconversion; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); viral load; virulence; viruses; wild birds;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Five, class II, virulent Newcastle disease virus (vNDV) isolates of different genotypes from different host species were evaluated for their ability to infect, cause disease, and transmit to naïve chickens. Groups of five birds received a low, medium, or high dose, by the oculonasal route, of one of the following vNDV: three chicken-origin, one cormorant-origin, and one pigeon-origin. Three naïve ...
Handle:
10113/6461958
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.06.004

4. An amphiphilic invertible polymer as a delivery vehicle for a M2e-HA2-HA1 peptide vaccine against an Influenza A virus in pigs

Author:
Singh, Gagandeep; Zholobko, Oksana; Pillatzki, Angela; Webb, Brett; Nelson, Eric; Voronov, Andriy; Ramamoorthy, Sheela
Source:
Vaccine 2019 v.37 no.31 pp. 4291-4301
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Influenza A virus; adjuvants; antibodies; epitopes; evolution; immunization; immunogenicity; influenza; lungs; mice; molecular weight; nose; pathogens; peptides; piglets; polymers; proteins; secretion; swine diseases; vaccines;     Show all 21 Subjects
Abstract:
... Influenza A viruses (IAVs) are a group of genetically diverse and economically important zoonotic pathogens. Despite decades of research, effective and broadly protective vaccines are yet to be developed. Recent breakthroughs in epitope-based immunization for influenza viruses identify certain conserved regions of the HA2 and M2e proteins as capable of inducing broad protection against multiple in ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.06.030

5. Therapeutic HSV-2 vaccine decreases recurrent virus shedding and recurrent genital herpes disease

Author:
Bernstein, David I.; Flechtner, Jessica B.; McNeil, Lisa K.; Heineman, Thomas; Oliphant, Tom; Tasker, Sybil; Wald, Anna; Hetherington, Seth
Source:
Vaccine 2019 v.37 no.26 pp. 3443-3450
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; adjuvants; antibodies; cell-mediated immunity; chronic diseases; clinical trials; herpes simplex; pain; people; placebos; proteins; seroprevalence; vaccination; vaccines; viruses;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 2 is a common persistent infection that frequently reactivates to cause recurrent lesions and recurrent viral shedding which is incompletely controlled by antiviral therapy. GEN-003 is a candidate therapeutic vaccine containing 2 HSV-2 proteins, gD2 and ICP4, and Matrix-M2 adjuvant (M2).HSV-2 seropositive persons with genital herpes were randomized into thre ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.05.009

6. Comparative pathogenicity of H5N6 subtype highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in chicken, Pekin duck and Muscovy duck

Author:
Uchida, Yuko; Mine, Junki; Takemae, Nobuhiro; Tanikawa, Taichiro; Tsunekuni, Ryota; Saito, Takehiko
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2019 v.66 no.3 pp. 1227-1251
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Anas platyrhynchos; Cairina moschata; Influenza A virus; Pekin; chicken meat; chickens; ducks; emerging diseases; farms; genes; hosts; lethal dose; pathogenicity; viruses; winter; China; Japan; Vietnam;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... In Japan during the 2016–2017 winter season, clade 2.3.4.4 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses (HPAIVs) of the H5N6 subtype caused 12 outbreaks in chicken and Muscovy duck farms. These viruses have been circulating in Vietnam and China since 2014. In this study, we evaluated the susceptibility of chicken, Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) and Muscovy duck (Cairina moschata) to H5N6 ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.13141

7. Shedding of clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 and H5N2 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in peridomestic wild birds in the U.S.

Author:
Bosco‐Lauth, Angela M.; Marlenee, Nicole L.; Hartwig, Airn E.; Bowen, Richard A.; Root, J. Jeffrey
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2019 v.66 no.3 pp. 1301-1305
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Columba livia; Influenza A virus; Passer domesticus; Sturnus vulgaris; cloaca; emerging diseases; livestock; monitoring; mortality; seroconversion; wild birds; United States;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... European starlings (Sturnus vulgaris), house sparrows (Passer domesticus) and rock pigeons (Columba livia) are all wild birds commonly found in large numbers in and around human dwellings and domestic livestock operations. This study evaluated the susceptibility of these species to three strains of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HP AIV) clade 2.3.4.4 isolated in the U.S.. Experimental in ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.13147

8. Isolation of Rabies Virus from the Salivary Glands of Wild and Domestic Carnivores during a Skunk Rabies Epizootic

Author:
Jimenez, Isabel; Spraker, Terry; Anderson, Jessica; Bowen, Richard; Gilbert, Amy
Source:
Journal of wildlife diseases 2019 v.55 no.2 pp. 473-476
ISSN:
0090-3558
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Mephitis mephitis; Rabies virus; carnivores; confidence interval; dogs; epizootic diseases; hosts; humans; rabies; risk; saliva; salivary glands; secondary transmission; skunks; tissues; wildlife; zoonoses; Colorado;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease of global importance. Rabies virus is shed in the saliva of infected hosts and is primarily transmitted through bite contact. Canine rabies has been eliminated from the US, but wildlife constitutes more than 90% of the reported cases of animal rabies in the US each year. In the US, several wild carnivore species are reservoirs of distinct variants of rabies virus ...
DOI:
10.7589/2018-05-127

9. The pathogenesis of H7 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Lesser Scaup (Aythya affinis)

Author:
Stephens, Christopher; Prosser, Diann; Pantin-Jackwood, Mary; Berlin, Alicia; Spacjman, Erica
Source:
Avian diseases 2019 v.63 no.1 pp. 230-234
ISSN:
0005-2086
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Aythya affinis; Influenza A virus; bird diseases; body temperature; chickens; cloaca; ducks; eggs; hosts; mortality; pathogenesis; pathogenicity; virulent strains; viruses; waterfowl; wild birds; United States;     Show all 18 Subjects
Abstract:
... Waterfowl are the natural hosts of avian influenza virus (AIV), and through migration spread the virus worldwide. Most AIVs carried by wild waterfowl are low pathogenic strains; however, Goose/Guangdong/1996 lineage clade 2.3.4.4 H5 highly pathogenic (HP) AIV now appears to be endemic in wild birds in much of the Eastern Hemisphere. Most research efforts studying AIV pathogenicity in waterfowl thu ...
Handle:
10113/6471143
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1637/11909-060118-ResNote.1

10. Arousal from hibernation and reactivation of Eptesicus fuscus gammaherpesvirus (EfHV) in big brown bats

Author:
Gerow, Caleigh M.; Rapin, Noreen; Voordouw, Maarten J.; Elliot, Melanie; Misra, Vikram; Subudhi, Sonu
Source:
Transboundary and emerging diseases 2019 v.66 no.2 pp. 1054-1062
ISSN:
1865-1674
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; DNA; Eptesicus fuscus; Herpesviridae; antibodies; blood; carrier state; emerging diseases; enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; hibernation; host-pathogen relationships; humans; humoral immunity; polymerase chain reaction; viruses;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Many viruses that cause serious and often fatal disease in humans have spilled over from bats. Recent evidence suggests that stress may enhance virus shedding by bats increasing the possibility of transmission to other species. To understand the reasons for spillover is therefore important to determine the molecular pathways that link stress to virus reactivation and shedding in bats. We recently ...
DOI:
10.1111/tbed.13102

11. Truncated chicken MDA5 enhances the immune response to inactivated NDV vaccine

Author:
Han, Qingsong; Gao, Xiaolong; Chu, Zhili; Wang, Xiangwei; Eisa Addoma Adam, Fathalrhman; Zhang, Shuxia; Jia, Yanqing; Qiu, Xinxin; Wang, Xinglong; Yang, Zengqi
Source:
Veterinary immunology and immunopathology 2019 v.208 pp. 44-52
ISSN:
0165-2427
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Adenoviridae; Newcastle disease virus; Orthomyxoviridae; adjuvants; antibodies; chickens; humoral immunity; immune response; immunization; melanoma; morbidity; specific pathogen-free animals; vaccines; viral load; virulence;     Show all 16 Subjects
Abstract:
... Melanoma Differentiation-Associated protein 5 (MDA5) is a cytoplasmic sensor for viral invasion and plays an important role in regulation of the immune response against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) in chickens. MDA5 was used as an adjuvant to enhance the humoral immune response against influenza virus. In the current study, truncated chicken MDA5 [1–483 aa, chMDA5(483aa)] expressed by recombinant ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.11.019

12. A genotype VII Newcastle disease virus-like particles confer full protection with reduced virus load and decreased virus shedding

Author:
Xu, Xiaohong; Ding, Zhuang; Yuan, Qianliang; Ding, Jiaxin; Li, Jindou; Wang, Weiqi; Cong, Yanlong; Ouyang, Wei; Wang, Yongshan; Qian, Jing; Yin, Renfu
Source:
Vaccine 2019 v.37 no.3 pp. 444-451
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Newcastle disease; Newcastle disease virus; antigens; birds; commercialization; flocks; genotype; poultry industry; proteins; vaccination; vaccines; viral load; virulent strains; virus-like particles;     Show all 15 Subjects
Abstract:
... Newcastle disease (ND) is one of the most severe avian infectious disease inflicting a great loss on poultry industry worldwide. The control of ND relies on proper vaccination strategies. The vaccine strains of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) mainly belong to genotype I, II or III, which cannot fully prohibit virus shedding against the prevalent genotype VII virulent strain attack. To develop a safe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.11.068

13. Development and application of a higher throughput RSV plaque assay by immunofluorescent imaging

Author:
Wen, Zhiyun; Citron, Mike; Bett, Andrew J.; Espeseth, Amy S.; Vora, Kalpit A.; Zhang, Lan; DiStefano, Daniel J.
Source:
Journal of virological methods 2019 v.263 pp. 88-95
ISSN:
0166-0934
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; algorithms; antibodies; antiviral agents; automation; biomedical research; centrifugation; drug evaluation; fluorescence; fluorescent antibody technique; harvesting; image analysis; inoculum; neutralization; neutralization tests; staining; vaccines; viral load; viruses;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Viral plaque assays are important tools in the development and evaluation of new antiviral drugs or vaccines in both preclinical and clinical research. While plaque assays are the standard tools to measure infectious virus, the methodology is time-consuming and requires experience in recognizing plaques. The assays are also prone to variation among analysts due to plaque recognition and manual cou ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jviromet.2018.10.022

14. Pre-exposure with influenza A virus A/WSN/1933(H1N1) resulted in viral shedding reduction from pigs challenged with either swine H1N1 or H3N2 virus

Author:
Wang, Zhao; Yu, Jieshi; Thomas, Milton; Sreenivasan, Chithra C.; Hause, Ben M.; Wang, Dan; Francis, David H.; Kaushik, Radhey S.; Li, Feng
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2019 v.228 pp. 26-31
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Influenza A virus; T-lymphocytes; blood serum; hemagglutination; immunoglobulin G; mucosal immunity; neutralization; neutralizing antibodies; reverse genetics; swine; vaccines; viral load; viruses;     Show all 14 Subjects
Abstract:
... There is an urgent need to develop a broad-spectrum vaccine that can effectively prevent or eliminate the spread of co-circulating swine influenza virus strains in multiple lineages or subtypes. We describe here that pre-exposure with a live virus generated via a A/WSN/1933(H1N1) reverse genetics system resulted in a significant reduction of viral shedding from pigs exposed to either a swine H1N1 ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.11.008

15. Experimental infection of pigs with H1 and H3 influenza A viruses of swine by using intranasal nebulization

Author:
Takemae, Nobuhiro; Tsunekuni, Ryota; Uchida, Yuko; Ito, Toshihiro; Saito, Takehiko
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2018 v.14 no.1 pp. 115
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Influenza A virus; atomization; breathing; immune response; nose; seroconversion; swine; temperature; veterinary medicine; viruses;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Experimental infection of pigs via direct intranasal or intratracheal inoculation has been mainly used to study the infectious process of influenza A viruses of swine (IAVs-S). Nebulization is known to be an alternative method for inoculating pigs with IAVs-S, because larger quantities of virus potentially can be delivered throughout the respiratory tract. However, there is very little ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12917-018-1434-z
PubMed:
29587842
PubMed Central:
PMC5870511

16. Viral shedding and clinical status of feline-norovirus-infected cats after reinfection with the same strain

Author:
Takano, Tomomi; Hiramatsu, Kanae; Matsuyama, Mifuyu; Mutoh, Karin; Matsumoto, Yuka; Fukushima, Toshifumi; Doki, Tomoyoshi; Kusuhara, Hajime; Hohdatsu, Tsutomu
Source:
Archives of virology 2018 v.163 no.6 pp. 1503-1510
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Norovirus; animal models; blood; cats; feces; gastroenteritis; humans; immunoglobulin G; viral load;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Norovirus (NoV) infection is the most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in humans of all ages worldwide. When cats are experimentally infected with feline norovirus (FNoV), they develop symptoms of acute gastroenteritis. Therefore, FNoV infection may serve as an animal model for the disease caused by human norovirus infection. In this study, we examined whether FNoV of cats infected with genog ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-018-3770-5

17. Comparison of Acyclovir and Multistrain Lactobacillus brevis in Women with Recurrent Genital Herpes Infections: a Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled Study

Author:
Mohseni, Amir Hossein; Taghinezhad-S, Sedigheh; Keyvani, Hossein; Ghobadi, Narges
Source:
Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins 2018 v.10 no.4 pp. 740-747
ISSN:
1867-1306
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Human herpesvirus 2; Lactobacillus brevis; adverse effects; herpes simplex; pain; patients; probiotics; therapeutics; viruses; women;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... We performed a randomized double-blind controlled trial to compare the efficacy and safety of multistrain probiotic and acyclovir in women patients with recurrent genital herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) infections. Eighty-one patients enrolled in the study were being treated with multistrain Lactobacillus brevis one vaginal capsule every 12 h and oral acyclovir 400 mg twice daily for 6 months. ...
DOI:
10.1007/s12602-017-9320-8

18. Multiplex amplification refractory mutation system PCR (ARMS-PCR) provides convenient method for differentiation of canine parvovirus vaccine and field strains

Author:
Gupta, Vikas; Chander, Vishal; Chakravarti, Soumendu; Sharma, Gaurav Kumar; Malla, Javed Ahmed; Gupta, Vivek Kumar; Nandi, Sukdeb
Source:
Virusdisease 2018 v.29 no.4 pp. 565-568
ISSN:
2347-3584
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Carnivore protoparvovirus 1; cost effectiveness; dogs; enteritis; mutation; plasmids; polymerase chain reaction; screening; vaccination; vaccines; viruses;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... Vaccination with canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) modified live attenuated vaccine remains an effective control strategy for preventing parvovirus induced enteritis in dogs. Virus shedding is a common phenomenon few days after vaccination, possessing a diagnostic dilemma for accurate differentiation of CPV-2 vaccine and wild type field strains. Though several molecular approaches are available for diff ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13337-018-0491-z

19. Cross-species infection of mice by rabbit hepatitis E virus

Author:
Sun, Yani; Lu, Qizhong; Liu, Baoyuan; Sheng, Yamin; Du, Taofeng; Hiscox, Julian A.; Zhou, En-Min; Zhao, Qin
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2018 v.225 pp. 48-52
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Hepatitis E virus; antibodies; blood serum; humans; liver; mice; necrosis; pathogenesis; rabbits; seroconversion; swine; viremia;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Rabbits are recognized as a zoonotic reservoir of hepatitis E virus (HEV) for transmission to humans and other zoonotic reservoirs such as swine. The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of rabbit HEV to cross the species barrier to infect mice and also the usefulness of this animal to study HEV transmission and pathogenesis. In this study, uninfected BALB/c mice were experimentally ino ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.09.015

20. Protective efficacy of an inactivated chimeric H7/H5 avian influenza vaccine against highly pathogenic avian influenza H7N9 and clade 2.3.4.4 H5 viruses

Author:
Peng, Cheng; Hou, Guangyu; Li, Jinping; Wang, Suchun; Wang, Yan; Cheng, Shanju; Yu, Xiaohui; Jin, Jihui; Jiang, Wenming
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2018 v.223 pp. 21-26
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; antibodies; avian influenza; chickens; growth models; hemagglutination; influenza vaccines; poultry industry; public health; viruses; China;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5 and H7N9 viruses pose a serious challenge to public health and the poultry industry in China. In this study, we generated a chimeric H7/H5 recombinant virus that expressed the entire HA1 region of the HPAI A/chicken/Guangdong/RZ/2017(H7N9) virus and the HA2 region of the HPAI A/chicken/Fujian/5/2016(H5N6) viruses. The resulting chimeric PR8-H7/H5 vir ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.07.011