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1. Presymptomatic viral shedding and infective ability of SARS-CoV-2; a case report

Author:
Karolina Nissen; Marie Hagbom; Janina Krambrich; Dario Akaberi; Sumit Sharma; Jiaxin Ling; Tove Hoffman; Lennart Svensson; Kåre Bondeson; Erik Salaneck
Source:
Heliyon 2021 v.7 no.2 pp. e06328
ISSN:
2405-8440
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; case studies; cytopathogenicity; double-stranded RNA; fluorescent antibody technique; health care workers
Abstract:
... Possible pre- or asymptomatic transmission has been reported, both from SARS-CoV and from MERS-CoV outbreaks, although this appears to be uncommon. In contrast, during the COVID-19 pandemic, an increasing number of studies and case reports indicate that pre- or asymptomatic transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not only possible but also occurs frequently. We report repeated rRT-PCR detection of SARS-CoV- ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06328

2. SARS-CoV-2 Persistent Viral Shedding in the Context of Hydroxychloroquine-Azithromycin Treatment

Author:
Michel Drancourt; Sébastien Cortaredona; Cléa Melenotte; Sophie Amrane; Carole Eldin; Bernard La Scola; Philippe Parola; Matthieu Million; Jean-Christophe Lagier; Didier Raoult; Philippe Colson
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.5 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; azithromycin; dyspnea; elderly; hospitals; mortality; patients; virus culture; France
Abstract:
... SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding contributes to the spread of the COVID-19 epidemic. Among 3271 COVID-19 patients treated at the Hospital University Institute Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France from 3 March to 27 April 2020, tested at least twice by qRT-PCR, the median SARS-CoV-2 nasopharyngeal shedding duration was 6 days (range 2–54 days). Compared with short shedders (qRT-PCR positivit ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13050890

3. Infection dynamics and shedding kinetics of nervous necrosis virus in juvenile seven band grouper using an intraperitoneal infection-cohabitation model

Author:
Rahul Krishnan; Syed Shariq Nazir Qadiri; Jae-Ok Kim; Myung-Joo Oh
Source:
Aquaculture 2021 v.530 pp. 735957
ISSN:
0044-8486
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Betanodavirus; Hyporthodus septemfasciatus; decision making; farmed fish; fish diseases; grouper; juveniles; models; mortality; viral load;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... by a post peak period of diminished viral shedding and afterwards an increase in shedding was noticed at 12–16 days in half of the infected fish. In the cohabitation challenge viral shedders used at 10%, 30%, and 50% yielded 20%, 30%, and 100% mortality respectively in naïve fish while within-host viral load during the onset of mortality did not show any significant difference across the groups. Peak ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.aquaculture.2020.735957

4. Duration of SARS-CoV-2 viral shedding in faeces as a parameter for wastewater-based epidemiology: Re-analysis of patient data using a shedding dynamics model

Author:
Fuminari Miura; Masaaki Kitajima; Ryosuke Omori
Source:
Science of the total environment 2021 v.769 pp. 144549
ISSN:
0048-9697
Subject:
Bayesian theory; COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; disease incidence; disease surveillance; dynamic models; environment; feces; patients; risk; temporal variation; viruses; wastewater
Abstract:
... the temporal variations in the concentration of virus in faeces affect the monitoring of disease incidence. We reanalysed the experimental findings of clinical studies to estimate the duration of virus shedding and the faecal virus concentration. Available experimental data as of 23 October 2020 were collected. The viral shedding kinetics was modelled, and the dynamic model was fitted to the collected data ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144549

5. Fecal viral shedding in COVID-19 patients: Clinical significance, viral load dynamics and survival analysis

Author:
Xiaoming Wang; Jingwei Zheng; Lei Guo; Hao Yao; Lingya Wang; XiaoDong Xia; Weixi Zhang
Source:
Virus research 2020 v.289 pp. 198147
ISSN:
0168-1702
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; C-reactive protein; COVID-19 infection; RNA; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; chest; feces; fibrinogen; image analysis; patients; viral load;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... To investigate the clinical significance, viral shedding duration and viral load dynamics of positive fecal SARS-CoV-2 signals in COVID-19.COVID-19 patients were included. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was tested in stool and respiratory specimens until two sequential negative results were obtained. Clinical, laboratory and imaging data were recorded.Of the 69 COVID-19 patients, 20 (28.99 %) had positive fecal ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.virusres.2020.198147

6. Intensive ocular sampling for the detection of subclinical canine herpesvirus-1 shedding in dogs with experimentally-induced latent infection

Author:
Eric C. Ledbetter; Chloe B. Spertus; Diego G. Diel; Edward J. Dubovi
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2021 v.254 pp. 109001
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
Canid alphaherpesvirus 1; carrier state; eye diseases; polymerase chain reaction; viruses
Abstract:
... Latent canine herpesvirus-1 (CaHV-1) infections are common in domestic dogs, but viral shedding patterns in dogs are poorly understood. Previous research failed to detect spontaneous subclinical ocular CaHV-1 shedding in dogs following ocular infection, a situation that is fundamentally distinct from many of the alphaherpesviruses closely related to CaHV-1. One possible explanation ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109001

7. Safety studies and viral shedding of intramuscular administration of oncolytic vaccinia virus TG6002 in healthy beagle dogs

Author:
Jérémy Béguin; Virginie Nourtier; Murielle Gantzer; Sandrine Cochin; Johann Foloppe; Jean-Marc Balloul; Eve Laloy; Dominique Tierny; Bernard Klonjkowski; Eric Quemeneur; Christelle Maurey; Philippe Erbs
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2020 v.16 no.1 pp. 307
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Beagle; Vaccinia virus; adenocarcinoma; adverse effects; assays; blood; cancer therapy; cell lines; dogs; dosage; environment; explants; feces; fluorouracil; humans; intramuscular injection; metabolites; models; mortality; neoplasm cells; patients; ribonucleotide reductase; saliva; suicide genes; synthesis; thymidine kinase; toxicity; urine; veterinary medicine; viruses;     Show all 31 Subjects
Abstract:
... , 5-fluorouracil synthesis has been confirmed in fresh canine mammary adenocarcinoma explants infected with TG6002 with 5-fluorocytosine. This study aims at assessing the safety profile and viral shedding after unique or repeated intramuscular injections of TG6002 in seven healthy Beagle dogs. RESULTS: Repeated intramuscular administrations of TG6002 at the dose of 5 × 10⁷ PFU/kg resulted ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12917-020-02524-y

8. Current understanding of the surface contamination and contact transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare settings

Author:
Hosoon Choi; Piyali Chatterjee; John D. Coppin; Julie A. Martel; Munok Hwang; Chetan Jinadatha; Virender K. Sharma
Source:
Environmental chemistry letters 2021 v.19 no.3 pp. 1935-1944
ISSN:
1610-3653
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; aerosols; decontamination; direct contact; disease control; disease transmission; droplets; fomites; health services; hospitals; pandemic; patients; pollution; public health; viruses
Abstract:
... -to-person encounter, although the possibility of transmission via fomites from surfaces cannot be ruled out entirely. Environmental contamination in COVID-19 patient rooms is widely observed due to viral shedding from both asymptomatic and symptomatic patients, and SARS-CoV-2 can survive on hospital surfaces for extended periods. Sequence of contact events can spread the virus from one surface ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10311-021-01186-y

9. Estimating the Risk of Human Herpesvirus 6 and Cytomegalovirus Transmission to Ugandan Infants from Viral Shedding in Saliva by Household Contacts

Author:
Bryan T. Mayer; Elizabeth M. Krantz; Anna Wald; Lawrence Corey; Corey Casper; Soren Gantt; Joshua T. Schiffer
Source:
Viruses 2020 v.12 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Cytomegalovirus; DNA; Human betaherpesvirus 6; animal viruses; breast feeding; childhood; children; cohort studies; dose response; infant diseases; infants; morbidity; mothers; risk; risk assessment; risk reduction; saliva; viral load; viruses;     Show all 20 Subjects
Abstract:
... Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are common in early childhood. In a prospective Ugandan birth cohort study, most infants acquired HHV-6 (24/31; 77%) and CMV (20/30; 67%) during follow-up. To assess the transmission risk, we modeled a dose–response relationship between infant HHV-6 and CMV infections and weekly oral viral shedding by mothers and all other ...
DOI:
10.3390/v12020171

10. Retraction notice to “Mycoplasma synoviae vaccine modifies virus shedding and immune responses of avian influenza (H9N2) infection in commercial layers” [Poult. Sci. 96 (2017) 3086–3095]

Author:
Sajid Umar; Muhammad Tanweer; Mudassar Iqbal; Asad Shahzad; Farooq Hassan; Muhammad Usman; Fozia Sarwar; Hajra Qadir; Sajjad Asif; un-Nisa Qamar; Muhammad Younus; Asif Ali; Mehboob Akbar; Farhan Towakal; Muhammad Ali Shah
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.8 pp. R4102
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Mycoplasma synoviae; avian influenza; immune response; issues and policy; poults; vaccines;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy).The authors retract the above paper due to: 1) conflict of interest among the authors; and 2) addition of co-author Dr. Muhammad Younus without his knowledge or permission. The authors apologize for these two grave mistakes. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.07.002

11. Household Cases Suggest That Cats Belonging to Owners with COVID-19 Have a Limited Role in Virus Transmission

Author:
Pierre Bessière; Maxime Fusade-Boyer; Mathilda Walch; Laetitia Lèbre; Jessie Brun; Guillaume Croville; Séverine Boullier; Marie-Christine Cadiergues; Jean-Luc Guérin
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.4 pp. -
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; nucleic acids; virus transmission
Abstract:
... Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for COVID-19 and spread rapidly following its emergence in Wuhan in 2019. Although cats are, among other domestic animals, susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, little is known about their epidemiological role in the dynamics of a household infection. In this study, we monitored five cats for viral shedding daily. Each cat ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13040673

12. Phylogenetic analysis of infectious bronchitis virus circulating in southern China in 2016–2017 and evaluation of an attenuated strain as a vaccine candidate

Author:
Libin Chen; Bin Xiang; Yanfen Hong; Qian Li; Haoyun Du; Qiuyan Lin; Ming Liao; Tao Ren; Chenggang Xu
Source:
Archives of virology 2021 v.166 no.1 pp. 73-81
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Infectious bronchitis virus; chicken eggs; chickens; farms; genotype; infection; infectious bronchitis; live vaccines; phylogeny; poultry industry; protective effect; respiratory tract diseases; safety testing; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); specific pathogen-free animals; strains; virology; China;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is a highly contagious viral respiratory disease, caused by infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), that poses an important economic threat to the poultry industry. In recent years, genotypes GI-7, GI-13, and GI-19 have been the most prevalent IBV strains in China. However, in this study, we found that most IBV strains from southern China in 2016–2017 belonged to genoty ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-020-04851-9

13. Hypothiocyanite and Hypothiocyanite/Lactoferrin Mixture Exhibit Virucidal Activity In Vitro against SARS-CoV-2

Author:
Luca Cegolon; Mattia Mirandola; Claudio Salaris; Maria Vittoria Salvati; Giuseppe Mastrangelo; Cristiano Salata
Source:
Pathogens 2021 v.10 no.2 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-0817
Subject:
COVID-19 infection; Food and Drug Administration; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; antiviral properties; drugs; innate immunity; lactoferrin
Abstract:
... SARS-CoV-2 replicates efficiently in the upper airways during the prodromal stage, resulting in environmental viral shedding from patients with active COVID-19 as well as from asymptomatic individuals. There is a need to find pharmacological interventions to mitigate the spread of COVID-19. Hypothiocyanite and lactoferrin are molecules of the innate immune system with a large spectrum cidal ...
DOI:
10.3390/pathogens10020233

14. SARS-CoV-2 RNA Persistence in Naso-Pharyngeal Swabs

Author:
Maria Luisa Danzetta; Laura Amato; Francesca Cito; Alessandra Di Giuseppe; Daniela Morelli; Giovanni Savini; Maria Teresa Mercante; Alessio Lorusso; Ottavio Portanti; Ilaria Puglia; Federica Monaco; Claudia Casaccia; Annapia Di Gennaro; Lilia Testa; Giacomo Migliorati; Nicola D’Alterio; Paolo Calistri
Source:
Microorganisms 2020 v.8 no.8 pp. -
ISSN:
2076-2607
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; RNA; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; health services; men; monitoring; pandemic; patients; viruses; Italy;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... for the virus to coexist with patients for a long time, although we highlighted intermittent positivity in several cases. The evolution of the SARS-CoV-2 epidemiological situation and knowledge on viral shedding should be closely monitored, to interpret the findings correctly and adjust accordingly the surveillance activities. ...
DOI:
10.3390/microorganisms8081124

15. Protective efficacy of a polyvalent influenza A DNA vaccine against both homologous (H1N1pdm09) and heterologous (H5N1) challenge in the ferret model

Author:
Kate Guilfoyle; Diane Major; Sarah Skeldon; Heather James; Jeanette L. Tingstedt; Charlotta Polacek; Ria Lassauniére; Othmar G. Engelhardt; Anders Fomsgaard
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.34 pp. 4903-4913
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
Influenza A virus; avian influenza; ferrets; glycosylation; hemagglutinins; immunization; nucleoproteins; pandemic; plasmids; recombinant vaccines; respiratory system; sialidase; virus replication; viruses
Abstract:
... H1N1 (1918) strain. Needle-free intradermal immunisation with the influenza DNA vaccine protected ferrets against homologous challenge with an H1N1pdm09 virus strain, demonstrated by restriction of viral replication to the upper respiratory tract and reduced duration of viral shedding post-challenge. Breadth of protection was demonstrated in two heterologous efficacy experiments in which animals ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.062

16. Infectious bursal disease virus suppresses H9N2 avian influenza viral shedding in broiler chickens

Author:
V. R. Ranjbar; A. Mohammadi; H. Dadras
Source:
British poultry science 2019 v.60 no.5 pp. 493-498
ISSN:
1466-1799
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Infectious bursal disease virus; Influenza A virus; avian influenza; broiler chickens; edema; feces; genome; hemorrhage; immunosuppression; lungs; muscles; nephritis; quantitative polymerase chain reaction; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; spleen; tonsils; vaccination; viruses;     Show all 19 Subjects
Abstract:
... 1. Infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) causes immunosuppression in chickens, increasing their susceptibility to other infectious diseases and resulting in vaccination failure. Here, we investigated the immune-depressing effect of IBDV on H9N2 avian influenza viral infection in the broiler chickens. 2. For this purpose, chickens were divided into four groups. In group A, chickens were inoculated ...
DOI:
10.1080/00071668.2019.1621991

17. Conserved HA-peptides expressed along with flagellin in Trichoplusia ni larvae protects chicken against intranasal H7N1 HPAIV challenge

Author:
Marta Sisteré-Oró; Susana Martínez-Pulgarín; David Solanes; Veljko Veljkovic; Sergi López-Serrano; Lorena Córdoba; Ivan Cordón; José M. Escribano; Ayub Darji
Source:
Vaccine 2020 v.38 no.3 pp. 416-422
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Baculoviridae; Orthomyxoviridae; Trichoplusia ni; chickens; epitopes; flagellin; immune response; immunization; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); vaccines; zoonoses;     Show all 12 Subjects
Abstract:
... platform based on Trichoplusia ni larvae as living biofactories. Soluble extracts obtained from larvae expressing “flagellin-NG34/CS17 antigen” were used to immunize chickens and the efficacy of the vaccine was evaluated against a heterologous H7N1 HPAIV challenge in chickens. The flagellin-NG34/CS17 vaccine protected the vaccinated chickens and blocked viral shedding orally and cloacally. Furthermore ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2019.11.006

18. Genetic and antigenic heterogeneity of GI-1/Massachusetts lineage infectious bronchitis virus variants recently isolated in China

Author:
Jie Sheng; Mengting Ren; Zongxi Han; Junfeng Sun; Yan Zhao; Shengwang Liu
Source:
Poultry science 2020 v.99 no.11 pp. 5440-5451
ISSN:
0032-5791
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Infectious bronchitis virus; amino acids; chickens; evolution; flocks; genome; live vaccines; mutation; neutralization tests; pathogenicity; reverse genetics; China;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... immunized with H120 failed to eliminate viral shedding after infection with the isolate I1124/16, which was different from that of M41; this result was consistent to the field observation and further implicated that the variant IBV isolate I1124/16 was antigenic different from the M41 strain. Furthermore, the I1124/16 was found to have comparable but slightly lower pathogenicity with the M41 strain. More ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.psj.2020.08.037

19. A class Ⅰ lentogenic newcastle disease virus strain confers effective protection against the prevalent strains

Author:
Shu-yun Li; Guo-jin You; Ji-teng Du; Jing Xia; Yi-ping Wen; Xiao-bo Huang; Qing Zhao; Xin-feng Han; Qi-gui Yan; Rui Wu; San-jie Cao; Yong Huang
Source:
Biologicals 2020 v.63 pp. 74-80
ISSN:
1045-1056
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Avian orthoavulavirus 1; antiserum; chickens; genotype; humoral immunity; serotypes; signs and symptoms (animals and humans); vaccines;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The traditional vaccine strains, such as LaSota, do not completely prevent the shedding of NDV. An ideal vaccine which could not only prevent the clinical signs, but significantly reduce the shedding of NDV is urgently needed for the eradication of ND. In this study, an NDV isolate APMV-1/Chicken/China (SC)/PT3/2016 (hereafter referred as PT3) was identified as a class Ⅰ NDV and a lentogenic strai ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.11.001

20. Field-based method for assessing duration of infectivity for influenza A viruses in the environment

Author:
Andrew B. Reeves; Andrew M. Ramey; Joshua C. Koch; Rebecca L. Poulson; David E. Stallknecht
Source:
Journal of virological methods 2020 v.277 pp. 113818
ISSN:
0166-0934
Subject:
viral shedding,   etc   ; Influenza A virus; autumn; feces; pH; pathogen survival; pathogenicity; ponds; water temperature; waterfowl; wetlands; winter; Alaska;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Understanding influenza A virus (IAV) persistence in wetlands is limited by a paucity of field studies relating to the maintenance of infectivity over time. The duration of IAV infectivity in water has been assessed under variable laboratory conditions, but results are difficult to translate to more complex field conditions. We tested a field-based method to assess the viability of IAVs in an Alas ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113818