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1. Catch Me if You Can: Superspreading of COVID-19

Author:
Lakdawala, Seema S.; Menachery, Vineet D.
Source:
Trends in microbiology 2021 v.29 no.10 pp. 919-929
ISSN:
0966-842X
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; COVID-19 infection; Orthocoronavirinae; viruses;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... While significant insights have been gained concerning COVID-19, superspreading of coronaviruses remains a mystery. The vast majority of cases have been linked to a relatively small portion of infected individuals. Yet, the genetic sequence of the virus, severity of disease, and underlying host parameters, such as age, sex, and health conditions, are not clearly driving the superspreading phenomen ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tim.2021.05.002

2. Complement Proteins as Soluble Pattern Recognition Receptors for Pathogenic Viruses

Author:
Murugaiah, Valarmathy; Varghese, Praveen M.; Beirag, Nazar; De Cordova, Syreeta; Sim, Robert B.; Kishore, Uday
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; chemotaxis; complement; lectins; pathogenesis; phagocytosis;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... The complement system represents a crucial part of innate immunity. It contains a diverse range of soluble activators, membrane-bound receptors, and regulators. Its principal function is to eliminate pathogens via activation of three distinct pathways: classical, alternative, and lectin. In the case of viruses, the complement activation results in effector functions such as virion opsonisation by ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13050824

3. Chemical Feedback in Templated Reaction-Assembly Networks

Author:
Bos, Inge; Terenzi, Camilla; Sprakel, Joris
Source:
Macromolecules 2020 v.53 no.23 pp. 10675-10685
ISSN:
1520-5835
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; models; polymerization;     Show all 3 Subjects
Abstract:
... Chemical feedback between building block synthesis and their subsequent supramolecular self-assembly into nanostructures has profound effects on assembly pathways. Nature harnesses feedback in reaction-assembly networks in a variety of scenarios including virion formation and protein folding. Also in nanomaterial synthesis, reaction-assembly networks have emerged as a promising control strategy to ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.macromol.0c01915

4. Stability of plasmid and viral banks supporting the cGMP manufacture of Q-Griffithsin from a TMV-based viral vector

Author:
Corman, Julia M.; Hamorsky, Krystal T.; Shepherd, John W.; Hiatt, Ernie; Fuqua, Joshua L.; Palmer, Kenneth E.
Source:
Journal of biotechnology 2020 v.320 pp. 74-76
ISSN:
0168-1656
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; biotechnology; manufacturing; plasmids;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The “whole genome” TMV-based expression system, Geneware®, was used in the cGMP production of the plant-made pharmaceutical Q-Griffithsin and demonstrates stable expression for up to a two-year period. Virion and plasmid banks which contained viral cDNA and a Q-Griffithsin sequence were able to produce >200 g of Q-Griffithsin. Data assessing the quality and stability of the product banks were meas ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jbiotec.2020.06.009

5. Lower temperature influences Cauliflower mosaic virus systemic infection

Author:
Alers-Velazquez, Roberto; Khandekar, Sushant; Muller, Clare; Boldt, Jennifer; Leisner, Scott
Source:
Journal of general plant pathology 2021 v.87 no.4 pp. 242-248
ISSN:
1345-2630
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Cauliflower mosaic virus; microfilaments; nucleic acids; plant pathology; temperature;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Lower temperatures delayed development of systemic symptoms by Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) in two different plant hosts. However, lower temperature exposure increased CaMV nucleic acid levels in leaves of systemically-infected turnips. Furthermore, lower temperature altered the formation of aggregates formed by the CaMV major inclusion body (IB) protein, P6. Finally, lower temperature altered ...
DOI:
10.1007/s10327-021-01003-y

6. Potent priming by inactivated whole influenza virus particle vaccines is linked to viral RNA uptake into antigen presenting cells

Author:
Shingai, Masashi; Nomura, Naoki; Sekiya, Toshiki; Ohno, Marumi; Fujikura, Daisuke; Handabile, Chimuka; Omori, Ryosuke; Ohara, Yuki; Nishimura, Tomohiro; Endo, Masafumi; Kimachi, Kazuhiko; Mitsumata, Ryotarou; Ikeda, Tomio; Kitayama, Hiroki; Hatanaka, Hironori; Sobue, Tomoyoshi; Muro, Fumihito; Suzuki, Saori; Thanh Nguyen, Cong; Ishigaki, Hirohito; Nakayama, Misako; Mori, Yuya; Itoh, Yasushi; Koutsakos, Marios; Chua, Brendon Y; Kedzierska, Katherine; Brown, Lorena E; Jackson, David C; Ogasawara, Kazumasa; Kino, Yoichiro; Kida, Hiroshi
Source:
Vaccine 2021 v.39 no.29 pp. 3940-3951
ISSN:
0264-410X
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Orthomyxoviridae; RNA; antigens; cytokines; detergents; immunogenicity; influenza; interferons; mice;     Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Current detergent or ether-disrupted split vaccines (SVs) for influenza do not always induce adequate immune responses, especially in young children. This contrasts with the whole virus particle vaccines (WPVs) originally used against influenza that were immunogenic in both adults and children but were replaced by SV in the 1970s due to concerns with reactogenicity. In this study, we re-evaluated ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.065

7. Multifaceted HIV‐1 Vif interactions with human E3 ubiquitin ligase and APOBEC3s

Author:
Hu, Yingxia; Knecht, Kirsten M.; Shen, Qi; Xiong, Yong
Source:
TheFEBS journal 2021 v.288 no.11 pp. 3407-3417
ISSN:
1742-464X
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; humans; pathogenicity; therapeutics; ubiquitin-protein ligase; ubiquitination; viruses;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... APOBEC3 (A3) proteins are a family of host antiviral restriction factors that potently inhibit various retroviral infections, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐1. To overcome this restriction, HIV‐1 virion infectivity factor (Vif) recruits the cellular cofactor CBFβ to assist in targeting A3 proteins to a host E3 ligase complex for polyubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradati ...
DOI:
10.1111/febs.15550

8. Experimental Evaluation of an Interferometric Light Microscopy Particle Counter for Titering and Characterization of Virus Preparations

Author:
Turkki, Vesa; Alppila, Elisa; Ylä-Herttuala, Seppo; Lesch, Hanna P.
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; gene therapy; interferometry; light microscopy; virology; viruses;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... Virus particle concentration is a critical piece of information for virology, viral vaccines and gene therapy research. We tested a novel nanoparticle counting device, “Videodrop”, for its efficacy in titering and characterization of virus particles. The Videodrop nanoparticle counter is based on interferometric light microscopy (ILM). The method allows the detection of particles under the diffrac ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13050939

9. Identification of the SHREK Family of Proteins as Broad-Spectrum Host Antiviral Factors

Author:
Dabbagh, Deemah; He, Sijia; Hetrick, Brian; Chilin, Linda; Andalibi, Ali; Wu, Yuntao
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.5
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; glycosylation; hybrids; influenza; innate immunity; mucins; pathogenicity;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Mucins and mucin-like molecules are highly glycosylated, high-molecular-weight cell surface proteins that possess a semi-rigid and highly extended extracellular domain. P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1), a mucin-like glycoprotein, has recently been found to restrict HIV-1 infectivity through virion incorporation that sterically hinders virus particle attachment to target cells. Here, we re ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13050832

10. Reassessing the mechanism of genome packaging in plant viruses with lessons from ATPase fold

Author:
Ranjan, Tushar; Pal, Awadhesh Kumar; Prasad, Bishun Deo; Kumar, Ravi Ranjan; Kumar, Mahesh; Shamim, Md.; Jambhulkar, Sanjay
Source:
Australasian plant pathology 2021 v.50 no.3 pp. 253-266
ISSN:
0815-3191
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; DNA; Potexvirus; adenosinetriphosphatase; capsid; energy; plant pathology; viral genome;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plant viruses cause various disease in crops and are responsible for huge economic losses. Understanding their mode of infection and spread is crucial for developing control strategies. Genome packaging is an important step in the process of viral maturation. Three systems of viral genome packaging are known till date. The type I packaging system, found in most of the small plant viruses, involves ...
DOI:
10.1007/s13313-020-00772-y

11. Discrimination between Functional and Non-functional Cellular Gag Complexes involved in HIV-1 Assembly

Author:
Deng, Yisong; Hammond, John A.; Pauszek, Raymond; Ozog, Stosh; Chai, Ilean; Rabuck-Gibbons, Jessica; Lamichhane, Rajan; Henderson, Scott C.; Millar, David P.; Torbett, Bruce E.; Williamson, James R.
Source:
Journal of molecular biology 2021 v.433 no.8 pp. 166842
ISSN:
0022-2836
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; molecular biology; oligomerization; sucrose; ultracentrifugation; virus assembly;     Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... HIV-1 Gag and Gag-Pol are responsible for viral assembly and maturation and represent a major paradigm for enveloped virus assembly. Numerous intracellular Gag-containing complexes (GCCs) have been identified in cellular lysates using sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation. While these complexes are universally present in Gag-expressing cells, their roles in virus assembly are not well understood. H ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166842

12. Mechanisms of Rhinovirus Neutralisation by Antibodies

Author:
Touabi, Lila; Aflatouni, Faryal; McLean, Gary R.
Source:
Viruses 2021 v.13 no.3
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Enterovirus; antibodies; antibody detection; capsid; neutralization; phagocytosis; vaccine development;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Antibodies are a critical immune correlate of protection for rhinoviruses, particularly those antibodies found in the secretory compartment. For nonenveloped viruses such as rhinoviruses, antibody binding to regions of the icosahedral capsid can neutralise infections by a number of different mechanisms. The purpose of this review is to address the neutralising mechanisms of antibodies to rhinoviru ...
DOI:
10.3390/v13030360

13. Making sense of virus size and the tradeoffs shaping viral fitness

Author:
Edwards, Kyle F.; Steward, Grieg F.; Schvarcz, Christopher R.
Source:
Ecology letters 2021 v.24 no.2 pp. 363-373
ISSN:
1461-023X
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; data analysis; evolution; genome; host range; metabolism; progeny; viruses;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Viruses span an impressive size range, with genome length varying a thousandfold and virion volume nearly a millionfold. For cellular organisms the scaling of traits with size is a pervasive influence on ecological processes, but whether size plays a central role in viral ecology is unknown. Here, we focus on viruses of aquatic unicellular organisms, which exhibit the greatest known range of virus ...
DOI:
10.1111/ele.13630

14. An Update of the Virion Proteome of Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus

Author:
Nabiee, Ramina; Syed, Basir; Ramirez Castano, Jesus; Lalani, Rukhsana; Totonchy, Jennifer E.
Source:
Viruses 2020 v.12 no.12
ISSN:
1999-4915
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; instrumentation; protein composition; proteome;     Show all 4 Subjects
Abstract:
... The virion proteins of Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) were initially characterized in 2005 in two separate studies that combined the detection of 24 viral proteins and a few cellular components via LC-MS/MS or MALDI-TOF. Despite considerable advances in the sensitivity and specificity of mass spectrometry instrumentation in recent years, leading to significantly higher yields in dete ...
DOI:
10.3390/v12121382

15. G1-like M and PB2 genes are preferentially incorporated into H7N9 progeny virions during genetic reassortment

Author:
Li, Xiuli; Gu, Min; Wang, Xiaoquan; Gao, Ruyi; Bu, Xinxin; Hao, Xiaoli; Ma, Jing; Hu, Jiao; Hu, Shunlin; Liu, Xiaowen; Chen, Sujuan; Peng, Daxin; Jiao, Xinan; Liu, Xiufan
Source:
BMC veterinary research 2021 v.17 no.1 pp. 80
ISSN:
1746-6148
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Influenza A virus; avian influenza; genes; genotype; progeny; veterinary medicine; viruses; China;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: Genotype S H9N2 viruses have become predominant in poultry in China since 2010. These viruses frequently donate their whole internal gene segments to other emerging influenza A subtypes such as the novel H7N9, H5N6, and H10N8 viruses. We recently reported that the PB2 and M genes of the genotype S H9N2 virus, which are derived from the G1-like virus, enhance the fitness of H5Nx and H7N ...
DOI:
10.1186/s12917-021-02786-0

16. SARS-CoV-2 virion physicochemical characteristics pertinent to abiotic substrate attachment

Author:
Adamczyk, Zbigniew; Batys, Piotr; Barbasz, Jakub
Source:
Current opinion in colloid & interface science 2021 v.55 pp. 101466
ISSN:
1359-0294
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; adsorption; air; pH; protein corona; transmembrane proteins; viruses;     Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The structure, size, and main physicochemical characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 virion with the spike transmembrane protein corona were discussed. Using these data, diffusion coefficients of the virion in aqueous media and in air were calculated. The structure and dimensions of the spike protein derived from molecular dynamic modeling and thorough cryo-electron microscopy measurements were also an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.cocis.2021.101466

17. Identification of a novel bluetongue virus 1 specific B cell epitope using monoclonal antibodies against the VP2 protein

Author:
Wang, Aiping; Du, Jinran; Feng, Hua; Zhou, Jingming; Chen, Yumei; Liu, Yankai; Jiang, Min; Jia, Rui; Tian, Yuanyuan; Zhang, Gaiping
Source:
International journal of biological macromolecules 2021 v.183 pp. 1393-1401
ISSN:
0141-8130
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Aedes; B-lymphocytes; Bluetongue virus; Culicoides; adsorption; bluetongue; epitopes; genes; insects; peptides; vaccine development; viruses;     Show all 13 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bluetongue (BT) is a non-contact infectious disease caused by Bluetongue virus (BTV), which can be transmitted by vector insects such as Culicoides and Aedes mosquitoes. The BTV VP2 protein encoded by the L2 gene is located at the outermost layer of the virus particle, plays a key role on mediating the adsorption and entry of virus, and it is also a main antigenic protein widely used for vaccine d ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.05.053

18. Dynamics and stability in the maturation of a eukaryotic virus: a paradigm for chemically programmed large-scale macromolecular reorganization

Author:
Johnson, John E.; Domitrovic, Tatiana; Matsui, Tsutomu; Castells-Graells, Roger; Lomonossoff, George
Source:
Archives of virology 2021 v.166 no.6 pp. 1547-1563
ISSN:
0304-8608
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; DNA; Nudaurelia capensis omega virus; animals; capsid; insect viruses; lytic peptides; models; pH; proviruses; virology;     Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... Virus maturation is found in all animal viruses and dsDNA bacteriophages that have been studied. It is a programmed process, cued by cellular environmental factors, that transitions a noninfectious, initial assembly product (provirus) to an infectious particle (virion). Nudaurelia capensis omega virus (NωV) is an ssRNA insect virus with T=4 quasi-symmetry. Over the last 20 years, NωV virus-like pa ...
DOI:
10.1007/s00705-021-05007-z

19. The intracellular domain of duck plague virus glycoprotein E affects UL11 protein incorporation into viral particles

Author:
Yang, Linjiang; Shen, Bingjie; Wang, Mingshu; Cheng, Anchun; Yang, Qiao; Wu, Ying; Huang, Juan; Tian, Bin; Jia, Renyong; Liu, Mafeng; Zhu, Dekang; Chen, Shun; Zhao, Xinxin; Zhang, Shaqiu; Ou, Xumin; Mao, Sai; Gao, Qun; Sun, Di
Source:
Veterinary microbiology 2021 v.257 pp. 109078
ISSN:
0378-1135
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Anatid alphaherpesvirus 1; capsid; giant cells; glycoproteins; herpes simplex; nerve tissue; plasmids; viruses;     Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Studies have shown that proteins in the tegument (located between the viral capsid and envelope layer) play critical roles in the assembly and budding of herpesviruses. The UL11 protein of herpesviruses is important in the process of virus particle cell entry, release, assembly and secondary envelopment. Herpesvirus glycoprotein E (gE) is involved in syncytia formation, transmission between cells ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109078

20. Identification of Pr78Gag Binding Sites on the Mason-Pfizer Monkey Virus Genomic RNA Packaging Determinants

Author:
Pitchai, Fathima Nuzra Nagoor; Chameettachal, Akhil; Vivet-Boudou, Valérie; Ali, Lizna Mohamed; Pillai, Vineeta N.; Krishnan, Anjana; Bernacchi, Serena; Mustafa, Farah; Marquet, Roland; Rizvi, Tahir A.
Source:
Journal of molecular biology 2021 v.433 no.10 pp. 166923
ISSN:
0022-2836
Subject:
virion,   etc   ; Mason-Pfizer monkey virus; RNA; gene therapy; genomics; humans; molecular biology;     Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... How retroviral Gag proteins recognize the packaging signals (Psi) on their genomic RNA (gRNA) is a key question that we addressed here using Mason-Pfizer monkey virus (MPMV) as a model system by combining band-shift assays and footprinting experiments. Our data show that Pr78ᴳᵃᵍ selects gRNA against spliced viral RNA by simultaneously binding to two single stranded loops on the MPMV Psi RNA: (1) a ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166923