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virion, etc ; antigen-antibody reactions; electrochemistry; electrodes; electrolytes; gels; immunosensors; liquids; viruses; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Conventional airborne virus measurement usually requires appreciable sampling and detection times. Viral aerosols should also be collected or prepared in a liquid medium whose volume typically ranges from milliliters to tens of milliliters; hence, many sampling and detection steps need to be taken with the unit horizontal or immobile. Moreover, viral aerosols need to be sufficiently enriched, whic ...
virion, etc ; Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2; air; bioaerosols; environment; equipment; filtration; ionization; risk; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The transmission rate of SARS-CoV-2 is higher in collective transport than in other public environments. Transport companies require preventive strategies to mitigate airborne risk of contagion which not imply responsible use at the individual level. Air purification systems, such as UV-C or needle-tip bipolar ionization, are attractive alternatives. However, only a few studies addressing the vali ...
virion, etc ; actin; genes; microfilaments; mutagenesis; proteomics; Show all 6 Subjects
Abstract:
... F-Actin remodeling is important for the spread of HIV via cell–cell contacts; however, the mechanisms by which HIV corrupts the actin cytoskeleton are poorly understood. Through live cell imaging and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), we observed F-Actin structures that exhibit strong positive curvature to be enriched for HIV buds. Virion proteomics, gene silencing, and viral ...
virion, etc ; phospholipids; plasma membrane; polyproteins; virus assembly; Show all 5 Subjects
Abstract:
... HIV-1 viral particle assembly occurs specifically at the plasma membrane and is driven primarily by the viral polyprotein Gag. Selective association of Gag with the plasma membrane is a key step in the viral assembly pathway, which is traditionally attributed to the MA domain. MA regulates specific plasma membrane binding through two primary mechanisms including: (1) specific interaction of the MA ...
virion, etc ; Orthocoronavirinae; immune response; pathogenesis; virulence; viruses; South Africa; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The coronavirus has posed a serious threat to the world since its discovery in Wuhan in 2019. Beta, gamma, delta, and the final omicron variants have emerged as a result of several mutations in the virion structure. The Australian Omicron S protein variant contains 37 mutations out of a total of 67 mutations. According to preliminary data from South Africa, Omicron variant infection is not associa ...
virion, etc ; Leviviridae; RNA; biotechnology; capsid; fimbriae; genomics; models; nucleotides; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... The coat proteins (CPs) of single-stranded RNA bacteriophages (ssRNA phages) directly assemble around the genomic RNA (gRNA) to form a near-icosahedral capsid with a single maturation protein (Mat) that binds the gRNA and interacts with the retractile pilus during infection of the host. Understanding the assembly of ssRNA phages is essential for their use in biotechnology, such as RNA protection a ...
virion, etc ; air; air flow; egg industry; evolution; hens; mathematical models; viruses; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The current ventilation designs of poultry barns have been present deficiencies with respect to the capacity to protect against disease exposure, especially during epidemic events. An evolution of ventilation options is needed in the egg industry to keep pace with the advancing transition to cage-free production. In this study, we analyzed the performances of four ventilation schemes for constrain ...
virion, etc ; biochemistry; community structure; microbial communities; soil biology; soil pH; viruses; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... The influence of biotic and abiotic factors on viral communities across environmental gradients in soil is relatively unknown. While soil pH strongly influences microbial community structure, it is unclear whether there is a similar influence on soil viruses. In this study, prokaryotic and viral communities were characterized in soils from a long-term pH-manipulated soil gradient (pH 4.5 and 7.5), ...
Katharina Kohm; Valentina A. Floccari; Veronika T. Lutz; Birthe Nordmann; Carolin Mittelstädt; Anja Poehlein; Anna Dragoš; Fabian M. Commichau; Robert Hertel
virion, etc ; bacteriophages; integrases; loci; lysogeny; mutants; new species; phenotype; proteome; transcriptome; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... The Bacillus phage SPβ has been known for about 50 years, but only a few strains are available. We isolated four new wild‐type strains of the SPbeta species. Phage vB_BsuS‐Goe14 introduces its prophage into the spoVK locus, previously not observed to be used by SPβ‐like phages. Sequence data revealed the genome replication strategy and the genome packaging mode of SPβ‐like phages. We extracted 55 ...
virion, etc ; capillary zone electrophoresis; capsid; human health; hydrophobicity; pH; sodium; virology; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The hydrophobicity of virions is a major physicochemical parameter regulating their dissemination in humans and the environment. But knowledge about potential factors modulating virion hydrophobicity is limited due to the lack of suitable quantifying methods. It has been recently shown that sodium dodecyl-sulfate (SDS) labels capsid hydrophobic domains in capillary zone electrophoresis of non-enve ...
virion, etc ; Infectious bronchitis virus; chickens; cytopathogenicity; genetic stability; ion channels; kidneys; mutation; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... The envelope (E) protein of the avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is a small-membrane protein present in two forms during infection: a monomer and a pentameric ion channel. Each form has an independent role during replication; the monomer disrupts the secretory pathway, and the pentamer facilitates virion production. The presence of a T16A or A26F mutation within E exclusively ge ...
virion, etc ; Braconidae; Ichneumonidae; RNA interference; electron microscopy; genes; insects; morphogenesis; multiomics; parasitoids; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Bracoviruses (BVs) and ichnoviruses (IVs) evolved from different endogenized viruses but through convergence have been coopted by parasitoids in the families Braconidae and Ichneumonidae for similar functions in parasitizing hosts. Experimentally studying the role of endogenized viral genes in virion morphogenesis remains a key challenge in the study of BVs and IVs. Here we summarize how multiomic ...
virion, etc ; Archaea; adsorption; bacteriophages; computer software; phylogeny; type VI secretion system; viral proteins; Show all 8 Subjects
Abstract:
... Sheath proteins comprise a part of the contractile molecular machinery present in bacteriophages with myoviral morphology, contractile injection systems, and the type VI secretion system (T6SS) found in many Gram-negative bacteria. Previous research on sheath proteins has demonstrated that they share common structural features, even though they vary in their size and primary sequence. In this stud ...
virion, etc ; RNA; galectins; host-pathogen relationships; mutation; plasma membrane; polyproteins; virus assembly; viruses; Show all 9 Subjects
Abstract:
... Viral assembly and budding are the final steps and key determinants of the virus life cycle and are regulated by virus–host interaction. Several viruses are known to use their late assembly (L) domains to hijack host machinery and cellular adaptors to be used for the requirement of virus replication. The L domains are highly conserved short sequences whose mutation or deletion may lead to the accu ...
virion, etc ; Caulimoviridae; DNA; gene expression; genome; geographical distribution; molecular biology; taxonomy; transcription (genetics); viruses; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Plant pararetroviruses (PRVs; family Caulimovirida) are non-enveloped double-stranded DNA viruses having either isometric or bacilliform virion. According to the current taxonomy, the family Caulimoviridae consists of ten genera with two newly added genera Dioscovirus and Vaccinivirus. PRVs have a genome size between 7 and 9 kilobase pairs and differ mainly based on the number of open reading fram ...
virion, etc ; Orthomyxoviridae; absorbents; bovine serum albumin; carbohydrates; chemical bonding; influenza; oseltamivir; research; sialidase; virus replication; Show all 11 Subjects
Abstract:
... The preparation of oseltamivir-bovine serum albumin conjugate (OS-BSA) for use as a multivalent influenza neuraminidase (NA) inhibitor is reported. Briefly, the oseltamivir azidohexyl ester was synthesized and covalently bound via an orthogonal attachment to bicyclononyne-modified BSA using copper-free click chemistry. Primary antiviral assays on NA protein and cellular levels showed that the synt ...
... Plant viruses can change hosts in ways that increase vector contacts, virion acquisition, and subsequent vector dispersal to susceptible hosts. Based on this, researchers have proposed that virus-induced phenotypes are the product of adaptations to “manipulate” hosts in ways that increase transmission. Theoretical models of virus spread in crops support this proposition; “manipulative” viruses spr ...
Vineet Gupta; Lorena R. Antunez; Soraia Saleh-Birdjandi; Ozan S. Kumru; Richard Pospisil; Anders Lilja; Gerhard Fuhrmann; Lee Smith; David B. Volkin; Sangeeta B. Joshi
virion, etc ; Lymphocytic choriomeningitis mammarenavirus; freeze-thaw cycles; pathogenicity; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; titration; viruses; Show all 7 Subjects
Abstract:
... Traditional virus infectivity titration methods for lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) are laborious, time-consuming, and low-throughput (e.g., focus forming unit (FFA) assay). In this report, we developed a high-throughput reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR)-based virus infectivity assay for relative quantitation of a live, recombinant replicating LCMV -based viral vector (TT1 ...
virion, etc ; Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus; bioinformatics; gene ontology; precipitin tests; sericulture; silkworms; virulence; virus replication; viruses; Show all 10 Subjects
Abstract:
... Virus–host interactions are critical for virus replication, virulence, and pathogenicity. The Bombyx mori nucleopolyhedrovirus (BmNPV) is a typical model baculovirus, representing one of the most common and harmful pathogens in sericulture. Herein, we used co-immunoprecipitation to identify candidate proteins with potential interactions with BmNPV. First, a recombinant BV virus particle rBmBV-egfp ...
Kari Kopra; Nazia Hassan; Emmiliisa Vuorinen; Salla Valtonen; Randa Mahran; Huda Habib; Pinja Jalkanen; Petri Susi; Vesa Hytönen; Minna Hankaniemi; Seppo Ylä-Herttuala; Laura Kakkola; Markus Peurla; Harri Härmä
... Viruses play a major role in modern society and create risks from global pandemics and bioterrorism to challenges in agriculture. Virus infectivity assays and genome copy number determination methods are often used to obtain information on virus preparations used in diagnostics and vaccine development. However, these methods do not provide information on virus particle count. Current methods to me ...