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1. An efficient preparation of 1,2-dihydropyridazines through a Diels-Alder/palladium-catalysed elimination sequence

Author:
Kemmitt, Paul D.,   et al.   ; Britten, Thomas K.; Akien, Geoffrey R.; Halcovitch, Nathan R.; Coote, Susannah C.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Tetrahedron letters 2019
ISSN:
0040-4039
Subject:
azo compounds; chemical structure; cycloaddition reactions
Abstract:
... A convenient, scalable synthesis of 1,2-dihydropyridazines is presented, based on the Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 1-acetoxy-1,3-butadiene with a variety of azo compounds, followed by a palladium-catalysed elimination. The products are produced on multigram scale and the new method is particularly efficient and atom-economical when compared with previous preparations of 1,2-dihydropyridazines. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.04.054

2. An investigation into the role of 2,6-lutidine as an additive for the RuCl3-NaIO4 mediated oxidative cleavage of olefins to ketones

Author:
Kemmitt, Paul,   et al.   ; Watson, David W.; Gill, Matthew; Lamont, Scott G.; Popescu, Mihai V.; Simpson, Iain;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Tetrahedron letters 2018 v.59 no.51 pp. 4479-4482
ISSN:
0040-4039
Subject:
alkenes; chemical reactions; ketones; moieties; solvents
Abstract:
... 2,6-Lutidine has been identified as a beneficial additive for the oxidative cleavage of olefins to ketones by NaIO4 in the presence of catalytic RuCl3, improving the yield and shortening the reaction times. In the absence of 2,6-lutidine reactions stalled at the diol intermediate with incomplete conversion to the desired ketones. The reaction protocol described herein also avoids the use of harmfu ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.11.013

3. Fungicide development for the 21st century

Author:
Kemmitt, G. M.
Source:
Journal of plant pathology 2015 v.97 no.4(S) pp. S13
ISSN:
1125-4653
Subject:
United Nations; agricultural land; agrochemicals; business enterprises; climate change; crop losses; drought tolerance; fungicide resistance; fungicides; growers; industry; landscapes; markets; mechanism of action; plant pathogens; plant protection; population growth; resistance management; screening; triazoles; uncertainty; United States
Abstract:
... Today as we move well into the second decade of the 21st Century we find ourselves at an interesting and challenging time with respect to the development of new fungicide solutions. Plant pathogens have the potential to cause significant crop losses in both pre- and post-harvest situations and fungicides remain a critical tool for protecting yield and quality. The UN estimates that by 2050 the wor ...
DOI:
10.4454/JPP.V97I4SUP.004

4. Crop Protection Discovery: Is Being the First Best?

Author:
Kemmitt, Greg,   et al.   ; Sparks, Thomas C.; Hunter, James E.; Lorsbach, Beth A.; Hanger, Greg; Gast, Roger E.; Bryant, Robert J.;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 2018 v.66 no.40 pp. 10337-10346
ISSN:
1520-5118
Subject:
active ingredients; business enterprises; marketing; mechanism of action; pest resistance; pests; plant protection
Abstract:
... Current crop protection chemicals span an array of chemistry classes and modes of action. Typically, within each chemistry class, there are multiple chemically distinct active ingredients competing with each other for market position. In this competition, the first product to market in a new class or mode of action may or may not have an advantage depending upon a number of parameters, including r ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03484

5. Contribution of Leaf Litter to Nutrient Export during Winter Months in an Urban Residential Watershed

Author:
Kemmitt, Kathrine L.,   et al.   ; Bratt, Anika R.; Finlay, Jacques C.; Hobbie, Sarah E.; Janke, Benjamin D.; Worm, Adam C.;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Environmental Science & Technology 2017 v.51 no.6 pp. 3138-3147
ISSN:
1520-5851
Subject:
basins; cities; eutrophication; lakes; lawns and turf; leaching; leaves; melting; monitoring; nitrogen; overwintering; phosphorus; plant litter; pollution; solubilization; stormwater; streams; trees; water quality; watersheds; winter; Minnesota
Abstract:
... Identification of nonpoint sources of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in urban systems is imperative to improving water quality and better managing eutrophication. Winter contributions and sources of annual N and P loads from urban watersheds are poorly characterized in northern cities because monitoring is often limited to warm-weather periods. To determine the winter export of N and P, we monito ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.est.6b06299

6. Biological characterization of fenpicoxamid, a new fungicide with utility in cereals and other crops

Author:
Kemmitt, Greg,   et al.   ; Owen, W John; Yao, Chenglin; Myung, Kyung; Leader, Andrew; Meyer, Kevin G; Bowling, Andrew J; Slanec, Thomas; Kramer, Vincent J;     Show all 9 Authors
Source:
Pest management science 2017 v.73 no.10 pp. 2005-2016
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Mycosphaerella graminicola; Puccinia recondita; antifungal properties; crops; cross resistance; field experimentation; fungicides; grains; markets; median effective concentration; plant pathogenic fungi
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The development of novel highly efficacious fungicides that lack cross‐resistance is extremely desirable. Fenpicoxamid (Inatreq™ active) possesses these characteristics and is a member of a novel picolinamide class of fungicides derived from the antifungal natural product UK‐2A. RESULTS: Fenpicoxamid strongly inhibited in vitro growth of several ascomycete fungi, including Zymoseptoria ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.4588
PubMed:
28471527
PubMed Central:
PMC5599960

7. Tumour regression and improved gastrointestinal tolerability from controlled release of SN-38 from novel polyoxazoline-modified dendrimers

Author:
Kemmitt, Paul D.,   et al.   ; England, Richard M.; Hare, Jennifer I.; Barnes, Jennifer; Wilson, Joanne; Smith, Aaron; Strittmatter, Nicole; Waring, Michael J.; Barry, Simon T.; Alexander, Cameron; Ashford, Marianne B.;     Show all 11 Authors
Source:
Journal of Controlled Release 2017 v.247 pp. 73-85
ISSN:
0168-3659
Subject:
adverse effects; blood; colorectal neoplasms; drugs; gastrointestinal system; half life; lysine; metabolites; mice; models; pharmacokinetics; remission; toxicity
Abstract:
... Irinotecan is used clinically for the treatment of colorectal cancer; however, its utility is limited by its narrow therapeutic index. We describe the use of a generation 5 l-lysine dendrimer that has been part-modified with a polyoxazoline as a drug delivery vehicle for improving the therapeutic index of SN-38, the active metabolite of irinotecan. By conjugating SN-38 to the dendrimer via differe ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.12.034

8. Microwave-mediated synthesis of N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates

Author:
Kemmitt, Paul,   et al.   ; Close, Adam J.; Emmerson, Matthew K.; Spencer, John;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Tetrahedron 2014 v.70 pp. 9125-9131
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
acetonitrile; acids; chemical reactions; chemical structure; dimethylformamide; polyethylene glycol; solvents
Abstract:
... A library of over 20, mainly aryl or heteroaryl, N-methyliminodiacetic acid (MIDA) boronates have been synthesised. A rapid microwave-mediated (MW) method (5–10 min) has been developed using polyethylene glycol 300 (PEG 300) as solvent. However, acetonitrile (MeCN) and dimethylformamide (DMF) were found to be alternative solvents, the latter especially for 2-substituted aryl boronic acids. ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2014.09.044

9. Use of Uptake Spraying Oil to Improve Fungicidal Activity of the Triazole Fungicide Fenbuconazole on Puccinia triticina and Puccinia striiformis Rusts of Wheat

Author:
Kemmitt, Gregory M.,   et al.   ; deBoer, Gerrit J.; Nott, Peter;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Plant health progress 2013 v.14 no.1
ISSN:
1535-1025
Subject:
Puccinia recondita; Puccinia striiformis f. tritici; adjuvants; antifungal properties; fenbuconazole; greenhouse experimentation; leaf rust; leaves; oils; plant tissues; spraying; stripe rust; triazoles; wheat
Abstract:
... Fenbuconazole, a broad spectrum triazole fungicide with restricted uptake and consequent redistribution within wheat plants, has been perceived to possess limited curative properties when formulated as a suspension concentrate (SC). Field and greenhouse studies demonstrated that curative and to a lesser extent protectant activity of fenbuconazole on wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina) and stripe ...
DOI:
10.1094/PHP-2013-0528-01-RS

10. Toward Control of Gold Cluster Aggregation on TiO2 via Surface Treatments

Author:
Kemmitt, Tim,   et al.   ; Ruzicka, Jan-Yves; Abu Bakar, Faridah; Hoeck, Christoffer; Adnan, Rohul; McNicoll, Campbell; Cowie, Bruce C.; Metha, Gregory F.; Andersson, Gunther G.; Golovko, Vladimir B.;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
The Journal of Physical Chemistry C 2015 v.119 no.43 pp. 24465-24474
ISSN:
1932-7455
Subject:
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy; hydrogen peroxide; ligands; ozonolysis; physical chemistry; reflectance spectroscopy; sulfuric acid; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... Well-defined Au–TiO₂ materials were synthesized by deposition of triphenylphosphine-protected Au₉ clusters on TiO₂ (Aeroxide P-25), pre-treated in eight different ways and subsequently exposed to two post-treatments. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy studies showed that in most cases the PPh₃ ligand shell was removed upon deposition even before post-treat ...
DOI:
10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b07732

11. Synthesis of 3-(Hetero)aryl Tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines by Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling Methodology

Author:
Kemmitt, Paul D.,   et al.   ; Blades, Kevin; Box, Matthew R.; Dickinson, Stephanie; Lamont, Gillian M.; Madden, Katrina; McCoull, William; Williams, Jason;     Show all 8 Authors
Source:
Journal of organic chemistry 2014 v.79 no.16 pp. 7682-7688
ISSN:
1520-6904
Subject:
esters; organic chemistry; pyridines
Abstract:
... A new synthetic route to 3-(heteroaryl) tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridines has been developed that uses the Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling of a triflate 6 with (hetero)aryl boronic acids or esters. Using Pd(OAc)₂ and XPhos or an XPhos precatalyst, a diverse range of substituents at the C3 position of the tetrahydropyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine skeleton were prepared. The use of pivaloyloxymethyl and benz ...
DOI:
10.1021/jo5012015

12. The variable response of soil microorganisms to trace concentrations of low molecular weight organic substrates of increasing complexity

Author:
Kemmitt, Sarah J.,   et al.   ; Dungait, Jennifer A.J.; Michallon, Lorette; Guo, Shengli; Wen, Qian; Brookes, P.C.; Evershed, R.P.;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2013 v.64 pp. 57-64
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
Actinobacteria; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; amino acids; arable soils; biomarkers; carbon dioxide; ecology; fungi; molecular weight; roots; soil microorganisms; topsoil
Abstract:
... Elevated CO2 respiration rates have been observed in soils treated with complex mixtures versus single low molecular weight (LMW) organic substrates, and it has been postulated that a more diverse range of soil microorganisms responds to increasingly complex mixtures of LMW organic substrates. To test this hypothesis, 13C-labelled substrates (glycine, an amino acid mixture and an extract of water ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2013.03.036

13. Carbon dynamics in a 60 year fallowed loamy-sand soil compared to that in a 60 year permanent arable or permanent grassland UK soil

Author:
Kemmitt, Sarah,   et al.   ; Wu, Yuping; White, Rodger P.; Xu, Jianming; Brookes, Philip C.;     Show all 5 Authors
Source:
Plant and soil 2012 v.352 no.1-2 pp. 51-63
ISSN:
0032-079X
Subject:
Lolium; adenosine triphosphate; arable soils; carbon; community structure; fallow; grassland soils; microbial biomass; microbial communities; mineralization; permanent grasslands; soil organic matter; soil treatment; yeast extract; United Kingdom
Abstract:
... AIMS: To determine if the soil microbial biomass in a 60 year fallow soil of the Highfield Ley-Arable Experiment at Rothamsted Research, UK, had maintained its ability to mineralise soil organic matter and added substrates compared to biomasses in a grassland and arable soil of the same experiment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three soils of the same type: a 60 y permanent fallow, arable and grassland, ...
DOI:
10.1007/s11104-011-0979-4

14. XPS and NEXAFS study of fluorine modified TiO₂ nano-ovoids reveals dependence of Ti³⁺ surface population on the modifying agent

Author:
Kemmitt, Tim,   et al.   ; Ruzicka, Jan-Yves; Bakar, Faridah Abu; Thomsen, Lars; Cowie, Bruce C.; McNicoll, Campbell; Brand, Helen E. A.; Ingham, Bridget; Andersson, Gunther G.; Golovko, Vladimir B.;     Show all 10 Authors
Source:
RSC advances 2014 v.4 no.40 pp. 20649-20658
ISSN:
2046-2069
Subject:
ammonium; fluorides; fluorine; thermal degradation; titanium; titanium dioxide
Abstract:
... Crystalline titanium dioxide was synthesised under mild conditions by the thermal degradation of peroxotitanic acid in the presence of a number of fluoride-containing surface modifying agents (NH₄F, NH₄BF₄, NH₄PF₆, NBu₄F, NBu₄BF₄, NBu₄PF₆). The resulting materials were characterised by PXRD, SEM, HRTEM, XPS and NEXAFS. Particle phase, size, and surface area were noticeably affected by the choice o ...
DOI:
10.1039/c3ra47652a

15. Soil microbial biomass and activity in Chinese tea gardens of varying stand age and productivity

Author:
Kemmitt, S.J.,   et al.   ; Han, W.; Brookes, P.C.;     Show all 3 Authors
Source:
Soil biology & biochemistry 2007 v.39 no.7 pp. 1468-1478
ISSN:
0038-0717
Subject:
Camellia sinensis; crop production; tea; mineralization; fatty acids; acid soils; agroforestry; nitrification; soil physical properties; soil microorganisms; carbon; soil respiration; forest soils; soil pH; microbial activity; plant age; phospholipids; China
Abstract:
... Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a globally important crop and is unusual because it both requires an acid soil and acidifies soil. Tea stands tend to be extremely heavily fertilized in order to improve yield and quality, resulting in a great potential for diffuse pollution. The microbial ecology of tea soils remains poorly understood; an improved understanding is necessary as processes affecting nutrie ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.12.029

16. Variable responses of the soil microbial biomass to trace concentrations of ¹³C-labelled glucose, using ¹³C-PLFA analysis

Author:
Kemmitt, S.J.,   et al.   ; Dungait, J.A.J.; Michallon, L.; Guo, S.; Wen, Q.; Brookes, P.C.; Evershed, R.P.;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
European journal of soil science 2011 v.62 no.1 pp. 117-126
ISSN:
1351-0754
Subject:
Actinobacteria; application rate; arable soils; carbon; fatty acids; fungi; glucose; grassland soils; isotopes; mass spectrometry; microbial biomass; permanent grasslands; phospholipids; soil bacteria
Abstract:
... ¹³C-labelled glucose was applied to arable (Broadbalk NPK) and permanent grassland (Woburn Grassland) soils to investigate the response of the soil microbial biomass (SMB) to carbon (C) applied at trace concentrations. Phospholipid fatty acids (PLFA) were used as biomarkers for G+ve (odd-chained and iso/anteiso FA) and G−ve bacteria (mono-unsaturated and cyclic FA), actinobacteria (10-methyl-branc ...
DOI:
10.1111/j.1365-2389.2010.01321.x

17. Optimized scale up of 3-pyrimidinylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine via Suzuki coupling; a general method of accessing a range of 3-(hetero)arylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines

Author:
Kemmitt, Paul D.,   et al.   ; Bethel, Paul A.; Campbell, Andrew D.; Goldberg, Frederick W.; Lamont, Gillian M.; Suleman, Abid;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Tetrahedron 2012 v.68 no.27-28 pp. 5434-5444
ISSN:
0040-4020
Subject:
chemical reactions; chemical structure; pyridines
Abstract:
... We have developed an improved synthesis of 3-(hetero)aryl pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridines (such as 3-(2,5-dichloropyrimidin-4-yl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (8)) via an optimized synthesis and Suzuki coupling of 3-pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine boronic ester 10. These conditions are applicable to both high throughput chemistry and large scale synthesis of these medicinally important compounds. The scope of this che ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.tet.2012.04.094

18. Systemic properties of myclobutanil in soybean plants, affecting control of Asian soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi)

Author:
Kemmitt, Gregory M.,   et al.   ; DeBoer, Gerrit; Ouimette, David; Iamauti, Marilene;     Show all 4 Authors
Source:
Pest management science 2008 v.64 no.12 pp. 1285-1293
ISSN:
1526-498X
Subject:
Glycine max; soybeans; Phakopsora pachyrhizi; rust diseases; myclobutanil; disease control; xylem; translocation (plant physiology); foliar application; leaves; uptake mechanisms; phloem; stems; bioassays
Abstract:
... BACKGROUND: The demethylation inhibitor (DMI) fungicide myclobutanil can be an effective component of spray programmes designed to control the highly destructive plant pathogen Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. & P. Syd., causal agent of Asian soybean rust. Myclobutanil is known from previous studies in grapevines to be xylem mobile. This study investigates the mobility profile of myclobutanil in soybean ...
DOI:
10.1002/ps.1630
PubMed:
18683908

19. Mancozeb: Past, Present, and Future

Author:
Kemmitt, Gregory M.,   et al.   ; Gullino, Maria Lodovica; Tinivella, Federico; Garibaldi, Angelo; Bacci, Leonardo; Sheppard, Brian;     Show all 6 Authors
Source:
Plant disease 2010 v.94 no.9 pp. 1076-1087
ISSN:
0191-2917
Subject:
mancozeb; disease control; plant pathogenic fungi; fungal diseases of plants; agricultural history; mechanism of action; market share; resistance management; application rate
Abstract:
... This feature article reviews the broad-spectrum fungicide mancozeb. Introduced in 1962, it still plays a significant role in the world fungicide market. Mancozeb possesses a number of key attributes that have contributed toward its development into a globally important tool in modern chemical-based plant disease management. These attributes are discussed from the perspective of both public and pri ...
DOI:
10.1094/PDIS-94-9-1076

20. Changes in the soil microbial community structure with latitude in eastern China, based on phospholipid fatty acid analysis

Author:
Kemmitt, Sarah,   et al.   ; Wu, Yuping; Ma, Bin; Zhou, Ling; Wang, Haizhen; Xu, Jianming; Brookes, Philip C.;     Show all 7 Authors
Source:
Applied soil ecology 2009 v.43 no.2-3 pp. 234-240
ISSN:
0929-1393
Subject:
fatty acids; soil fungi; soil organic carbon; soil bacteria; iron oxides; geographical variation; humic acids; environmental factors; rain; latitude; species diversity; soil pH; temperature; population structure; biogeography; phospholipids; China
Abstract:
... Phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles were measured in soils from 14 sites in eastern China representing typical geographic zones of varying latitude from north (47.4°N) to south (21.4°N). Amounts of soil microbial biomass, measured as total amounts of PLFAs, showed no regular trend with latitude, but were positively correlated with soil organic carbon content, the concentration of humic acid an ...
DOI:
10.1016/j.apsoil.2009.08.002